The Cranium, Vertebral Column Characteristics & Curves (Quiz 2) Flashcards
What are fontanels?
fibrous membranes of the skull (fetal skull), “soft spots”
also called fontanelles
What are the 4 fontanels we discussed in class?
1) anterior (coronal)
2) posterior (lambdoidal)
3) anterolateral (sphenoidal)
4) posterolateral (mastoidal)
What is another name for the anterior fontanel?
coronal fontanel
At what age does the anterior/coronal fontanel close?
1-3 y/o (last to close!!!!)
Which fontanel is the last one to close?
anterior/coronal fontanel (closes at 1-3y/o)
What is the largest fontanel?
anterior/coronal fontanel
What is the landmark for the anterior/coronal fontanel?
bregma
The landmark for the anterior/coronal fontanel is bregma. What sutures meet here after ossification?
coronal/sagittal sutures meet here
What is another name for the posterior fontanel?
lambdoidal fontanel
When does the posterior/lambdiodal fontanel close?
around 2-3 months (first to close!!!!!)
Which fontanel is the first to close?
posterior/lambdoidal fontanel (around 2-3 months)
this is to protect the baby brain before they start walking
What is the landmark for the posterior/lambdoidal fontanel?
lambda
The landmark for the posterior/lambdoidal fontanel is lambda. Where which sutures meet?
sagittal and lambdoidal sutures
What is another name for the anterolateral fontanel?
sphenoidal fontanel
When does the anterolateral/sphenoidal fontanel close?
about 6 months
What is the landmark for the anterolateral/sphenoidal fontanel?
pterion (note: the p is silent in pronunciation)
The landmark for the anterolateral/sphenoidal fontanel is pterion. This is the joint of 4 different bones. What are these bones?
-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-sphenoid
What is another name for the posterolateral fontanel?
mastoidal fontanel
When does the posterolateral/mastoidal fontanel close?
6-18 months
What is the landmark for the posterolateral/mastoidal fontanel?
asterion
The landmark for the posterolateral/mastoidal fontanel is asterion. This is where 3 bones come together. What are these 3 bones?
-temporal
-parietal
-occipital
All fontanelles are typically closed by ____ y/o
5 (any later can cause developmental problems)
Calvaria is made by ________________ ossification
intramembranous
Basicranium is made by _______________ ossification
endochondral
What bone fractures during strangulation?
hyoid bone
What bone is apart of the axial skeleton but NOT a part of the cranium or vertebral column?
hyoid bone
What bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone?
hyoid bone
What bone is suspended by ligaments and muscles under the skull and above the rib cage?
hyoid bone
The hyoid bone forms the superior border of the ________________
larynx (voice box)
The hyoid bone forms the superior border of the larynx (voice box) and is attached to the larynx via….
the thyrohyoid ligament
The hyoid bone functions in breathing and swallowing via what muscles?
test q!
suprahyoid mm (produce swallowing) and infrahyoid mm (increase inhalation)
What are the 5 regions of the spine?
-cervical (C1-C7)
-thoracic (T1-T12)
-lumbar (L1-L5)
-sacral (S1-S5)
-coccygeal (Cc1-Cc5)
The 5 regions in the spine protects the spinal cord, while also anchoring and levering muscles for moving the….
trunk and head
What region of the spine articulates with the ribs?
thoracic
What region of the spine has muscle attachment for the pectoral girdle?
thoracic
What region of the spine has bony and muscular attachment for the pelvic girdle?
sacrum
What region of the spine really supports the body weight?
lumbar
The sacrum is how many bones/vertebrae?
1 bone, 4-5 vertebral segments fused together
How many vertebrae are fused together at the coccygeal region?
3-5 fused
The inferior and superior articular processes form a synovial joint in the spinal cord called…
zygopophyseal (facet) joint
if there is 2+ vertebral segments with inferior/superior vertebral notches, then it will be called intervertebral foramen. What travels here?
spinal nerves
What is the vertebral body shape of the cervical region?
rectangular (concave superiorly, convex inferiorly)
On what spinal region is the foramen transversarium located and what travels there?
quiz q!!!!
C1-C7
vertebral aa. runs through C1-C6 and then up to brain (circle of willis)
What is the shape of the vertebral foramen for the cervical region?
triangular
If there is 2+ vertebral segments present, the vertebral foramens will be called the….
vertebral canal
What spinal segments have bifid spinous processes?
C2-C6