The Contemporary World Flashcards
_________________ is a process of , expanding various sociocultural and socioecological processes from national to transcultural level (Al-Rodhan, 2006)
Globalization
__________________________ is a measurement of ________ and _______________________ to other global players through____________________________________________ (Altman et al., 2018)
Global Connected Index (GCI);flows; interconnectedness of a country; exchanges in trade, capitol, people, and information
___________ also refers to ______________________ or makes it difficult for the movement of things
Solidity, barriers that prevent
__________ can either be ___________ or ___________
Solids, natural, man-made
Examples of natural solids are ____________ and __________________
landforms, bodies of water
Man-made barriers include ___________________________ and _________________
the Great Wall of China, the Berlin Wall
________________ refers to the _______________________________ of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world
Liquidity, increasing ease of movement
________________ refers to the _______________________________ as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, some economies, and similar forms of government
Homogeneity, increasing sameness in the world
It is one of the products of homogeneity in economic globalization
Global Economic Crises
It emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially aggected by global flows
Cultural Differentialism
________________________ approach emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures (Cvetkovich and Kellner, 1997). Globalization is considered to be a creative process which gives free rise to hybride entities that are not reducible to either the global or the local
Cultural Hybridization
____________________ approach stresses ______________ introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows
Cultura convergence, homogeneity
___________________ happens when one culture __________________ on and tends to ____________ at least parts of another culture
Cultural imperialization, imposes itself, destroys
One important critique of cultural imperialization is John Tomlinson’s idea of ________________________ of culture
“deterritorialization”
It means that it is much more difficult to tie culture to a specific geographic point of origin
Deterritorialization
________________________ is the _____________________________________________________________________________ and institutional set ups that promote faster and easier flow of goods and capital (Sugden and Wilson, 2005)
Economic globalization; expansion of national economies, the global market driven by modern technologies
It denotes that the economies of various countries are more interconnected from extraction, production, distribution, consumption, to disposal of goods and services (Carfi and Schiliro, 2018)
Global Economy
It is the expasion of national economies, the global market driven by modern technologies and institutional set ups that promote faster and easier flow of goods and capital (Sugden and Wilson, 2005)
Economic Globalization
It denotes that the economies of various countries are more interconnected from extraction, production, distribution, consumption, to disposal of goods and services (Carfi and Schiliro, 2018)
Global Economy
They are global financial institutions that support a country’s economic growth through support (i.e., loans, technical assistance) to governments and now other private sectors (Wood, 2019)
International Financial Institutions
______________________________ is an international organization with ______ member countries that promotes _________________________________ and ___________________ to foster economic growth and high employment and to provide short-term financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments
adjustments (IMF, 2019)
International Monetary Fund, 183, international monetary cooperation, exchange stability
It is a system of nongovernment institutions that operate across geographical borders and organize and mobilize for a common issue or cause (Keane, 2003: 8)
Global Civil Society
_________________________ is an “____________ that engages in activities which add value (manufacturing, extraction, services, marketing, etc.) __________________________” (UCTC, 1991)
Global Corporation, enterprise, in more than one country
_________________ is based on the theory of Wallerstein (1974) that recognizes that social and economic change is not only endogenous to a country, but is affected by its interaction to exogenous institutions, thus the focus on world- systems (Chase-Dunn, 2018)
World system
It is a process of combining or increasing the
interconnectivity of national economies to the regional or global economies (Clark et al., 2018)
Economic Integration
It is a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially in order to find work. Most global migration is from developing countries to developed ones, global migration patterns.
Global Migration
It is the statistical study of human populations. Demography examines the size, structure, and movements of populations over space and time
Global Demography
________________________________ is the ________________________________________ from ambient concentrations of pollutants and other activities and processes such as improper land use and natural disasters
Environmental degradation, deterioration in environmental quality
Global food security means ____________________________________________________________. It is, therefore, a priority of all countries, whether developed or less
developed
delivering sufficient food to the entire world population
They are the result of companies trying to outmaneuver their competitors. While you search for the cheapest place to buy shoes, companies search for the cheapest place to make those shoes
Economic and Trade Globalization
_____________________________ are closely related. We can see how different one key aspect of inequality in the contemporary world global economic nations are divided between the North and the South, developed and less developed, and the core and the periphery. These differences mainly reflect
income inequality
Globalization and inequality
The two main types of economic inequality
Wealth Inequality and Income Inequality
Wealth refers to the ______________ of a country
net worth
Assets of a nation may be ________________________________ less the liabilities
natural, physical, and human
____________ of a nation-may they be natural, physical, and human less
Assets
It is the abundance of resources in a specific country
Wealth
Wealth is the ______________________ in a specific country
abundance of resources
_______________________ speaks about distribution of assets. However, there is no widely recognized, monetary measure that sums up these assets (Economist, 2012)
Wealth inequality
__________________________ also contributed to _____________________________. It complemented skilled workers but replaced many unskilled workers
Access to technology, worldwide income inequality
In _______________ economies, jobs are more technology-based. This is what economists referred to as _______________________________.
modernized, skill-based technological change
In modernized economies, jobs are more ___________________
technology-based
_____________________ refers to when _______________________ caused the differences some nations became economically developed while others were developing
“Economic Big Bang”, the Industrial Revolution
The term First World originally refers to the capitalist, industrialized countries, member within the __________________ and ______________’ sphere of influence. (e.g. states of the NATO)
Western European, United States
The term ______________ originally refers to the capitalist, industrialized countries, member within the Western European and United States’ sphere of influence. (e.g. states of the NATO)
First World
The term _______________ refers to the former communist-socialist, industrial states, the territory and sphere of influence of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (Soviet Union). Communist Yugoslavia was the only eastern European country which was not aligned with the Soviet Union
“Second World”
A _______________ country is an outdated and offensive term for a developing nation characterized by a population with low and middle incomes, and other socio-economic indicators
Third World
It is typically defined as imbalances in the distribution of power, economic resources, and opportunities. It has manifested in American society in ways ranging from disparities in wealth, poverty rates, bankruptcy, housing patterns, and educational opportunities.
Racial Inequality
