Purposive Communication in English Flashcards
Non-verbal cues (facial expressions, gestures, postures)
Body Language
A variation in the pitch of the voice while speaking
Tone
The creative use of more than two communication models to deliver meaning
Multimodal
An essay which thoroughly if not meticulously examines a literary piece to arrive at a critical understanding of the message, a clear interpretation of its meanings, and a scholarly appreciation of the writer’s techniques
Literary Analysis
A speech that gives information that clarifies or gives ideas on a certain topic either through descriptions, characteristics, or processes
Informative Speech
A form of communication that attempts to persuade or influence people’s beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors in relation to an event, idea, object, or other persons
Persuasive Speech
A verbal exchange of question and answer between two or more persons
Interview
A literary work in the form of letters
Epistolary
Takes place when people from two different cultural groups interact. Its purpose is to exchange ideas and cultural norms in the spirit of understanding and mutual respect
Intercultural Communication
The tendency or diposition to judge other people’s culture with disfavor and to consider one’s own as being superior to the other
Ethnocentrism
Instructional methods which involves students expressing their opinions from two competing perspectives with the goal of contradicting each other’s arguments
Debates
Labels things or directs for the maintenance of a building or any infrastructure
Infrastractural Signs
The process by which the sender, having the assigned codes to come up with thoughts symbols (message) that are also comprehensible by the participant/s or the communication, transmits, or sends messages to its recipient
Transmission
A large pad of paper bound so that each page can be turned over at the top to reveal the next, used on a stand at presentations
Flip Charts
A software package designed to create electronic presentations consisting of a series of separate pages or slides
PowerPoint
A free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. It’s primary purpose is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students
Google Classroom
A new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but do not share a common language
Pidgin
A type of register that is used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained to specific rules
Formal Register
A type of register that is conversational and appropriate when writing to friends and people you know very well
Informal Register (casual or intimate)
Describes the way a person speaks in relation to their audience
Language Register (linguistic register or speech register)
The “medium” of communication. The means used to exchange or transmit the message
Channel
The study of meaning in language
Semantics
Communication with one’s self, which may include self-talk, acts of imagination, visualization, and even recall and memory
Intrapersonal Communication
A type of communication that uses visuals to convey information and/or messages
Visual Communication
Citizens of the virtual world
Netizens
The primary language of the majority population of a country
Native language
The Father of Debate
Protagoras
The Father of Classical Communication
Aristotle
Means checking the final copy to see that it is free from typographical error
Proofreading
The “wrongful appropriation” and “stealing and publication” of another author’s “language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions” and the representation of them as one’s own original work
Plagiarism
The study of making meaning, the connection between a sign or symbol
Semiotics
Refers to the world. Emphasizes that all different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications especially the internet
Global Village
The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and of governments worldwide
Globalization
Refers to historic language that is intended to remain unchanged (examples: Panatang Makabayan, Philippine Constitution, Holy Bible)
Frozen Register
A process of exchanging facts, ideas, and opinions as a means that individuals or organizations share meaning and understanding with one another
Communication
Work to develop confidence and effectiveness in their public speaking, interpersonal, and small group communication skills
Speech Communication
Shows listeners how some process is accomplished or how to perform it themselves
Demonstration Speech
Its purpose is to provide a detailed, vivid picture of a person, animal, place, or object
Descriptive Speech
Focuses on reports of current and historical events, customs, transformations, interventions, policies, outcomes, options
Explanatory Speech
A literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reason and logic, in order to influence the audience
Persuasion
A speech given in honor of someone who has died
Eulogy
Speech delivery that involves reading your speech word-for-word from its written form
Manuscript Speaking
The study of the use of space and distance
Proxemics
Refers to the use of objects, clothes, or accessories to aid communication
Object Language
The speacialized terminology associated with a particular field or area of activity
Jargon
The formation of clear and distict sounds in speech
Articulation
The practical use of the language
Pragmatics
The lanuage that is common to people regardless of age, social class, gender, or race
Vernacular
Used in conversation when they are speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice
Consultative Register
A speech delivered with some prepared structure, such as notes or an outline, but is otherwise delivered off-the-cut
Extemporaneous Speech
Is not a language that is not distinct from a national language, but rather a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country
Regional Dialect
The regionally distinct varieties of English that have arisen in parts of the world where there is a long and often colonial history of English being used in education, commerce, and government (Celce-Murcia, 2014)
World Englishes
A group of internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations allowing the creation and exchange of user-generated content (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010).
Social Media
Type of speech that focuses on the things that happened, are happening, or will happen
Speeches about events
Type of speech that shows how some process is accomplished or how to perform it themselves
Demonstrational Speech
A system of pairing sounds with a certain meaning, a code, and has a certain rule
Phonology
The process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language as well as to produce and use words
Language Acquisition
The process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used by the source of the message by converting them into concepts and ideas
Decoding
The information flows from one person to the next person in the network
Single Strand Communication
Under this communication pattern the information passess randomly from persons to persons
Probability Chain
There is an individual who, acts as a source of a message, transmits information to the pre-selected group of individuals out ot whom few individuals again tell the same message to other selected groups of individuals
Cluster Chain
Group conversation where everyone is talking to each other informally
Gossip Chain
Inner Circle :
Native Language
Expanding Circle :
Foreign Language
The Seven C’s of Comunication (definiton)
A list of principles for written and spoken communcations to ensure that they are effective
The Seven C’s of Communication (enumerate)
- Clarify
- Correctness
- Conciseness
- Courtesy
- Concreteness
- Consideration
- Completeness
Formal and technical language of legal documents that is often hard to understand
Legalese
Refers to the kind of language whose forms are definable social situations
Register
The process which employees directly communicate with upper management to provide feedback, share ideas, and raise concerns regarding their day-to-day work
Upward Communication
Refers to manuals and policy statements
Downward Communication
An example is a certain look or glance
Non-verbal Communication
The individual or group that develops the message to be communicated to internal and external parties
Encoder
Things that you can actually see that do not necessarily need words to express a thought (examples: street names, billboards, and signages)
Linguistic Landscape
A mode of analyzing signs in which various elements used at a particular sign have meaning and elements symbolic in the message they want to convey
Geosemiotics
A kind of sign that indicates authority that may be official or legal prohibitions
Regulatory Signs
Advertises or promotes a product, an event, or a service in commerce
Commercial Signs
An interference that bans the message from being understood or interpreted
Noise
“Mother of all Models”
Shannon-Weave’s Model of Communication
Pertains to the setting or situation in which communication takes place
Context
The most appropriate communicatin channel if the message requires the receiver to take time to think about the response
This model describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said
Lasswell’s Communication Model
In Lasswell’s Model, this refers to media analysis
“In Which Channel”
A communication model which can be best used to develop public speaking skills or to create propoganda
Aristotle’s Linear Model
A communication model which emphasizes a multi-layered feedback system for all parties involved and recognizes that anyone can be a sender and receiver at the same time
Barnlund’s Transactional Model
A communication model which disagrees with the concept linearity and circularity individually, and introduces the concept of time and continuous communication process
Dance’s Helical Model
A communication model that argues that human communication can be broken down into 6 key concepts: sender, encoder. channel, noise, decoder, and receiver
Shannon and Weaver’s Transmission Model “Mathematical Theory of Communication”
This model suggests that information is of no use unless and until it is carefully put into words and conveyed to others
Schramm’s Interactive Model
A process of transferring communication to large audiences using verbal and written media
Mass Communication
The strength of Barlund’s Transactional Model
Shared field of experience
Deals with the exchange of ideas and messages taking place both ways from sender to receiver and vice-versa
Interactive Model
The sixth element, the dysfunctional factor, included in Shannon and Weaver’s Transmission Model
Noise
When is written communicatin used?
When the audience is located at a distance or when it is needed to keep a permanent record for future reference if a problem does arise
A form of non-verbal interaction involving touch
Haptics
The category of nonverbal communication that explains that the distance between communications gives meaning while standing too far away or too close can affect the effectiveness of a verbal communication
Proxemics
These are effective when immediate feedback is necessary becuase any uncertainties can be cleared up on the spot
Oral Communication Channels
The practice of sharing information between employees, departments, and units within the same level of an organization
Horizontal Communication (lateral communication)
Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms that are a common barrier to effective communication
“The use of jargon”
Students can freely interact in the class if there is …
Democratic atmosphere
Can be defined as the motor of communication that involves understanding and utterance in verbal form
Speech
A communicatin model that represents the process of communication in its simplest form
David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication
The acronym SMCR in David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication stands for
S - Sender
M - Message
C - Channel
R - Receiver
A static over a phone line, misinterpreting a local custom, and language differences are examples of…
Feedback
Three Characteristics of an Ethical Communicator
Egalitarian
Respectful
Trustworthy
Refers to printed messages such as memos, proposals, emails, letters, training manuals, operating policies, etc. They may be printed on paper, handwritten, or appear on screen
Written Communication
The response that is given after the message has been successfully transmitted, received, and understood. It indicates comprehension and can be done through written or verbal response or in a form of action
Feedback
The study of the way in which certain body movements and gestures serve as a form of nonverbal communication
Kinesics
A kind of noise that refers to things like hunger, fatigue, headache, stress, or anything that prevents you from giving your full attention to someone sharing his thoughts
Physiological Noise
A mental operation involving processing sound waves, interpreting their meaning, and storing their meaning in memory
Listening
A process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation
Reading
The Four Macro Skills of Communication
Listening
Talking/Speaking
Reading
Writing
A type of noise that occurs when the communicator finds a hard time sympathetically understanding the words, language, dialects, vernaculars, or even grammatical structure of the message
Semantic Noise
Divided into three basic components: a sender, a channel, and a receiver
Communication process
The person who finalizes the communication process by interpreting and assigning meaning to the message
Receiver
A learning disability in which people have difficulty learning to read
Dyslexia
The way in which words are put together
Syntax
A vey useful tool for business conferences which specializes in video chatting and voice calliing through tablets, phones, computers, and smart watches using the internet
Skype
A type of speech that you are asked to deliver with little or no preparation
Impromptu Speech
This becomes a barrier to effective communication when a person has different language bearing, and they have different interpretations to such words
Culture
Refers to data or facts, is shared every time a sender communicates something to another person
Information
High Context :
Collectivism
Low Context :
Individualism
The channel through which one expresses his/her communication intent
Communication Mode
