the concept of a hazard in a geographical context Flashcards
What is a hazard
An extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that poses threat to life and property
What types of natural hazards are there
Geophysical e.g earthquakes
Atmospheric e.g wildfires
Hydrological e.g flooding
Economic determinants of hazard perception
Wealth of the individual
Development of country
Cultural determinants of perception
Education
Religion and beliefs
Experience
Mitigation definition
Sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long term risk to life and property from hazard events
Fatalism definitions
The viewpoint that hazards are uncontrollable and losses should be accepted
Prediction definition
Using research and past events to predict when hazards may next occur, allowing for prevention of any damage by responding to warnings
Adaptation
Attempting to live with hazards by adjusting lifestyles
Risk sharing definition
A form of community preparedness
Examples of short term response to hazards
Evacuating the population
Deploying emergency services
Providing aid
Examples of long term response to hazard
Risk management, preparedness, mitigation, evacuation plans, monitoring
What is meant by the distribution of hazards
The spatial coverage of the event locally or globally
Frequency
Distribution of the hazard events through time
Magnitude
Assesses and outlines the size of the impact
What are the 5 stages of the disaster response curve (brief)
Stage 1 normal quality of life no until event occurs
Stage 2 hazard occurs
Stage 3 searching rescuing and recovering life and buildings
Stage 4 modifying the loss, relief and rehabilitation, gathering of aid
Stage 5 improvement back to QOL, rebuilding, mitigation
What is the park model (disaster response curve)
A graphical representation of human response to hazards over time
What is the hazard management cycle
It outlines the stages of responding to events, showing how the same stages occur after every hazard
What is the order of the hazard management cycle
Preparedness
Event
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
Are models effective
Unpredictability of hazards makes the models unreliable at representing human response
Advantages of the hazard management cycle
Allocating resources efficiently
Use of knowledge from previous experience
Identify areas for improvement
Influences on the eperception of hazards
Socioeconomic status
Level of education
Employment
Religion/ culture
Past experience
Fatalism
Actions are direct and concerned with safety
Losses are accepted as inevitable and people remain where they are
Hazard management cycle stages
Predisaster (mitigation,preparedness, risk assessment)
Response (warning,evacuation,immediate assistance)
Post disaster (restoration of services, economic and social reviver, adaptation, reconstruction)
Stages of the park model
Predisatser
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
