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physical geography > Storm Hazards > Flashcards

Storm Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a tropical storm hazard

A

Intense low pressure weather systems that develop in the tropics

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2
Q

5 conditions needed for tropical storms to form

A

Sea depth of min. 70m
Sea temp 27°+
5° N or S of equator
Low level convergence in lower atmospheric circulation
Rapid outflow of air in upper atmospheric ciruclation

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3
Q

How are tropical storms measured

A

Saffir Simpson scale

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4
Q

What is the saffir Simpson scale based on

A

Central pressure
Wind speed
Storm surge
Damage potential

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5
Q

Avg lifespan of tropical storms

A

7-14 days

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6
Q

What are tropical storms in the Atlantic called

A

Hurricanes

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7
Q

What are tropical storms in the Indian Ocean called

A

Cyclones

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8
Q

What are tropical storms in the pacific called

A

Typhoons

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9
Q

Why do tropical storms move away from the equator

A

Rotational force is 0 at the equator
Increases as it gets further away and closer to the poles
It needs to generate a vortex (known as the coriolis effect)

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10
Q

What is the movement of a tropical storm away from the equator called

A

Coriolis effect

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11
Q

What is the eye of a tropical storm

A

The calm clear area in the centre

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12
Q

What is the eye wall of a tropical storm

A

The most violent and strong winds

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13
Q

What is latent heat required for

A

Turn a solid into liquid or liquid into gas without any change in temp

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14
Q

How many storm events each year on average

A

45

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15
Q

Which region experiences the most tropical storms

A

South east Asia 33% of the total

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16
Q

What will cause storms to become more intense

A

Climate change and rising sea temps

17
Q

How many km can tropical storms be wide

A

200-700 km

18
Q

What is the 8 step formation of tropical storms

A

1.begin as an atmospheric disturbance of low pressures
2.warm water causes large volumes of evaporation
3.winds converge close to the ocean forcing air to ride
4.air rides and evaporation condenses to form clouds causing heavy rainfall. Latent heat is released as an energy source
5.dry cooler air descends from the upper atmosphere down the centre creating the eye
6. Coriolis effect causes storm to rotate
7. Storm begins to use warm water as its primary energy source and is self sustaining
8. Storm reaches land and loses energy caused by friction

19
Q

Primary social impacts of tropical storms

A

People may drown or killed
Schools wrecked distrusting education
Hospitals wrecked

20
Q

Primary environmental impacts

A

Strong winds up to 300km/h
Heavy rainfall exceeding 500mm
Up to 7m high storm surges
Crops trees and farmland destroyed
Beaches eroded

21
Q

Secondary social impacts of tropical storms

A

Flooding causing sewage contamination
Famine
Homelessness

22
Q

Secondary economic impacts of tropical storms

A

Large total costs of damage
Businesses and industries damaged
Expensive repairs to infrastructure

23
Q

Secondary environmental impacts of tropical storms

A

Chemical spills and water pollution
Food shortages from agricultural damage

24
Q

Secondary political impacts of tropical storms

A

Power lines fall cutting communication
Blaming authorities for resource shortage
Army have to be brought in to stop looting

25
Q

4 ways of preventing the impacts of tropical storms

A

Reinforce telecommunication and power lines
Raised buildings
Breakwaters e.g mangroves
Levees

26
Q

Benefit of weather forecasting tropical storms

A

Allows authorities and people to prepare and evacuate

27
Q

3 ways of adapting to tropical storms

A

Adapting buildings e.g stronger windows
Personal prep through education
Vegetation management (avoid trees next to buildings)

28
Q

When do tropical storms form in the northern hemisphere

A

June - november

29
Q

When do storms form in the southern hemisphere

A

Nov - april

physical geography (28 decks)

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