carbon cycle Flashcards

1
Q

name all the transfers of carbon

A

photosynthesis
respiration
decomposition
combustion
sequestration

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2
Q

advantages of carbon sequestration

A

fitted into existing power statins
captures up to 90% of CO2 prduced
potential to capture half of worlds CO2 emissions

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3
Q

disadvantages of carbon sequestration

A

increased energy demand for power statins
may be not enough space
ecnomically viable as pushes oil down increasing use of fossil fuels

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4
Q

carbon sink

A

store which absorbs more carbon than it gives out

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5
Q

carbon source

A

emits more carbon than it stores

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6
Q

what are the main carbon stores (order of mag)

A

sedimentary rock 600-100,000 million billin tones
oceans
fossil fuel deposits
organic matter
atmosphere
plants 560 b mega tonnes

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7
Q

how much carbon has been lost in brazil and indonesia due t deforestation

A

5 Gtc in 25 years

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8
Q

how do wildfires change the carbn cycle

A

transfer carbon from biosphere t atmosphere
burning can encourage plant growth in long term
hwever they burn huses

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9
Q

How do volcanoes change the carbon cycle

A

transfers from the lithosphere to atmosphere
sulphur dioxide blocks sunlight and reduces rate of photosynthesis

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10
Q

Deforestation impact on the carbon cycle

A

slash and burn techniques and interrupting the forest carbon cycle, rapid rease of C02

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11
Q

explain the process of respiration (4)

A

-occurs when plants and animals convert oxygen and glucose into energy
-this produces the waste product of CO2
-oxygen+glucose + carbon dioxide + water
-plants absorb more CO2 than they emit

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12
Q

explain the process of combustion (4)

A

-fuels an trees are burnt
-they emit CO2 that was locked in them to the atmosphere
-due to fossil fuels e.g gas oil coal, being burnt for energy
-may also occur during wildfires

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13
Q

explain the process of decomposition (4)

A

-organisms die and get consumed by bacterias and fungi
-carbon from there bodys is return to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
-some organic matter passes into the soil where it is stored for years

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14
Q

how much carbon is held in the lithosphere

A

99%

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15
Q

how much carbon is held in the hydrosphere

A

o.oo7%

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16
Q

how much carbon is held in the cryosphere

17
Q

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the land

A

-it warms the earths surface increases plant growth/photsynthesis
-carbon is stored as biomass
-carbon is rapidly recycled through organic systems

18
Q

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the ocean

A

-the ocean absorbs a lot of c02 which is absorbed by phytoplanktons by phtosynthesis
-dissolved carbon accumulates on sediments on the shallow seas leading to natural sequestration

19
Q

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the atmosphere

A

-usually in the form of CO2 or CH4
-C02 combines with water molecules and clouds to form carbonic acid making naturally acidic rain
-this leads to terrestrial weathering

20
Q

what are the two outputs of carbon in the atmosphere

A

absorbstion from the vegetation
atmosphere-ocean gas exchange

21
Q

role of carbon and water supporting life on earth

A

-co2,water and sunlight are all required for photosynthesis
-warming of earth by natural greenhouse effect
-water moves nutrients in and out of aquatic ecosystems

22
Q

how much does CO2 contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect

23
Q

how much water vapour accounts for greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

24
Q

role of CO2 in greenhouse gases

A

sets the temperature and controls how much water vapour

25
explain the time lag in the atmosphere
there is a time lag between the increase in CO2 in the atmopshere and warming temperature
26
why is their a time lag between CO2 and temp
the ocean absorbs a lot of the heat
27
how much will global temps increase due to carbon already in atmopshere
0.6 C
28
3 impacts of positive feedback systems in carbon cycle
melting sea ice sea level rise ocean salinity
29
when sea temps increase what happens to absorbtion of carbon
reduces
30
implications of positive feedback for life on earth
flooding habitats destroyed more CO2 in the atmopshere
31
name 4 types of climate change mitigation
increased use of renewable energy sustainable urban design improving aviation industry change rural land use
32
3 examples of renewable energy
wind energy solar energy wave and tidal power nuclear energy vehiclue fuel efficency
33
how can building design mitigate climate change
improved ventilation green roofs improved insulation
34
urban design to mitigate cc
sustainable transport systems waste management capture landfill gas recycling schemes
35
2 ways of changing rural and use to mitigate cc
afforestation and reforestation changing methods e.g. non ploughing
36
Carbon compounds
CO2 Methane Calcium carbonate Hydrocarbons Bio molecules