carbon cycle

Question 1

name all the transfers of carbon

Answer 1

photosynthesis
respiration
decomposition
combustion
sequestration

Question 2

advantages of carbon sequestration

Answer 2

fitted into existing power statins
captures up to 90% of CO2 prduced
potential to capture half of worlds CO2 emissions

Question 3

disadvantages of carbon sequestration

Answer 3

increased energy demand for power statins
may be not enough space
ecnomically viable as pushes oil down increasing use of fossil fuels

Question 4

carbon sink

Answer 4

store which absorbs more carbon than it gives out

Question 5

carbon source

Answer 5

emits more carbon than it stores

Question 6

what are the main carbon stores (order of mag)

Answer 6

sedimentary rock 600-100,000 million billin tones
oceans
fossil fuel deposits
organic matter
atmosphere
plants 560 b mega tonnes

Question 7

how much carbon has been lost in brazil and indonesia due t deforestation

Answer 7

5 Gtc in 25 years

Question 8

how do wildfires change the carbn cycle

Answer 8

transfer carbon from biosphere t atmosphere
burning can encourage plant growth in long term
hwever they burn huses

Question 9

How do volcanoes change the carbon cycle

Answer 9

transfers from the lithosphere to atmosphere
sulphur dioxide blocks sunlight and reduces rate of photosynthesis

Question 10

Deforestation impact on the carbon cycle

Answer 10

slash and burn techniques and interrupting the forest carbon cycle, rapid rease of C02

Question 11

explain the process of respiration (4)

Answer 11

-occurs when plants and animals convert oxygen and glucose into energy
-this produces the waste product of CO2
-oxygen+glucose + carbon dioxide + water
-plants absorb more CO2 than they emit

Question 12

explain the process of combustion (4)

Answer 12

-fuels an trees are burnt
-they emit CO2 that was locked in them to the atmosphere
-due to fossil fuels e.g gas oil coal, being burnt for energy
-may also occur during wildfires

Question 13

explain the process of decomposition (4)

Answer 13

-organisms die and get consumed by bacterias and fungi
-carbon from there bodys is return to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
-some organic matter passes into the soil where it is stored for years

Question 14

how much carbon is held in the lithosphere

Answer 14

99%

Question 15

how much carbon is held in the hydrosphere

Answer 15

o.oo7%

Question 16

how much carbon is held in the cryosphere

Answer 16

o.oo3%

Question 17

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the land

Answer 17

-it warms the earths surface increases plant growth/photsynthesis
-carbon is stored as biomass
-carbon is rapidly recycled through organic systems

Question 18

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the ocean

Answer 18

-the ocean absorbs a lot of c02 which is absorbed by phytoplanktons by phtosynthesis
-dissolved carbon accumulates on sediments on the shallow seas leading to natural sequestration

Question 19

explain the impact of the carbon cycle on the atmosphere

Answer 19

-usually in the form of CO2 or CH4
-C02 combines with water molecules and clouds to form carbonic acid making naturally acidic rain
-this leads to terrestrial weathering

Question 20

what are the two outputs of carbon in the atmosphere

Answer 20

absorbstion from the vegetation
atmosphere-ocean gas exchange

Question 21

role of carbon and water supporting life on earth

Answer 21

-co2,water and sunlight are all required for photosynthesis
-warming of earth by natural greenhouse effect
-water moves nutrients in and out of aquatic ecosystems

Question 22

how much does CO2 contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 22

20%

Question 23

how much water vapour accounts for greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

role of CO2 in greenhouse gases

Answer 24

sets the temperature and controls how much water vapour

Question 25

explain the time lag in the atmosphere

Answer 25

there is a time lag between the increase in CO2 in the atmopshere and warming temperature

Question 26

why is their a time lag between CO2 and temp

Answer 26

the ocean absorbs a lot of the heat

Question 27

how much will global temps increase due to carbon already in atmopshere

Answer 27

0.6 C

Question 28

3 impacts of positive feedback systems in carbon cycle

Answer 28

melting sea ice
sea level rise
ocean salinity

Question 29

when sea temps increase what happens to absorbtion of carbon

Answer 29

reduces

Question 30

implications of positive feedback for life on earth

Answer 30

flooding
habitats destroyed
more CO2 in the atmopshere

Question 31

name 4 types of climate change mitigation

Answer 31

increased use of renewable energy
sustainable urban design
improving aviation industry
change rural land use

Question 32

3 examples of renewable energy

Answer 32

wind energy
solar energy
wave and tidal power
nuclear energy
vehiclue fuel efficency

Question 33

how can building design mitigate climate change

Answer 33

improved ventilation
green roofs
improved insulation

Question 34

urban design to mitigate cc

Answer 34

sustainable transport systems
waste management
capture landfill gas
recycling schemes

Question 35

2 ways of changing rural and use to mitigate cc

Answer 35

afforestation and reforestation
changing methods e.g. non ploughing

Question 36

Carbon compounds

Answer 36

CO2
Methane
Calcium carbonate
Hydrocarbons
Bio molecules