The Compnents Of Blood And Blood Vessels

Question 1

What are the four components of blood

Answer 1

• White blood cells
• Red blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 2

Function of water in blood plasma

Answer 2

• Dissolves other substances
• Transport medium to move other substances

Question 3

Function of glucose

Answer 3

• Energy for respiration
• Make carbohydrates

Question 4

Function of amino acids

Answer 4

Used by cells to make new proteins

Question 5

Function of fatty acids/glycerol

Answer 5

Used by cells to make new lipids

Question 6

Function of vitamins

Answer 6

Help to regulate metabolism inside cells

Question 7

Function of oxygen

Answer 7

Needed by mitochondria for aerobic respiration

Question 8

Function of carbon dioxide

Answer 8

• waste product of aerobic respiration
• needs to be removed from the body by the lungs

Question 9

Function of urea

Answer 9

Produced in the liver from breakdown of excess protein and needs to be removed from the body by kidneys

Question 10

Function of hormones

Answer 10

• Involved in homeostasis (controlling blood glucose levels)
• Controls development/changes I. The body

Question 11

Function of dissolved mineral ions

Answer 11

• Helps control water movement in and out of cells by osmosis
• Some help regulate metabolism inside cells

Question 12

Function of plasma proteins

Answer 12

• Needed to help blood cloths
• Helps with reabsorption of fluids from Tissues to blood

Question 13

Where are red blood cells produced

Answer 13

Bone marrow

Question 14

Function of red blood cells

Answer 14

• Binds to oxygen reversibly

Question 15

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 15

• Have no nucleus, so they pack in more haemoglobin, which binds to more oxygen
• Have a bioconcave to give a larger surface area to volume ratio to absorb oxygen

Question 16

Where are phagocytes produced

Answer 16

Bone marrow

Question 17

Function of phagocytes

Answer 17

• Swarm to site of infection
• surround bacteria and viruses and destroy them

Question 18

Adaptations of phagocytes

Answer 18

• They can change shape to squeeze out of capillaries to reach the site of infection

Question 19

What are the two types of white blood cells

Answer 19

• Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 20

Where are lymphocytes produced

Answer 20

Bone marrow

Question 21

Function of lymphocytes

Answer 21

Produce antibodies

Question 22

Adaptations of lymph

Answer 22

• Antibodies are specific to one type of microbe
• Antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of foreign cells
• The antibody- coated cells are recognised and destroyed by phagocytes

Question 23

Where aerobic platelets produced

Answer 23

Bone marrow

Question 24

Function of platelets

Answer 24

• stop bacteria entering
• stop blood escaping

Question 25

Adaptations of platelets

Answer 25

If exposed to air or collagen in blood vessel walls, it causes the formation of a dense mesh that traps red blood cells

Question 26

Function of arteries (3 marker)

Answer 26

• Take blood away from the heart
• Arteries have a narrow internal diameter and thick muscular walls
• This allows them to carry blood that is at a high pressure.

Question 27

Function of veins (3 marker)

Answer 27

• Veins carry blood under low pressure from the capillaries and return the blood to the heart
• The vein walls have thinner muscular walls than arteries and have a wider internal diameter
• Veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of low-pressure blood.

Question 28

Function of capillaries

Answer 28

Link arteries and veins

Question 29

What is a pulse?

Answer 29

A pulse is where an artery runs close to the surface, often over a bone

Question 30

Characteristics of artery

Answer 30

• Thin walls
• Small lumen
• Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres

Question 31

Characteristics of a vein

Answer 31

• Relatively thin walls
• Large lumen
• Often have valves

Question 32

Characteristics of a capillary

Answer 32

• Walls are a single cell thick
• Tiny vessel with narrow lumen