Specialised Cells

Question 1

Specialised

Answer 1

Designed for a particular function

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Special features that enable a cell to carry out its functions

Question 3

Function of sperm cell

Answer 3

• Contains genetic material from the male parent
• Used in fertilisation

Question 4

Adaptations of the sperm cell

Answer 4

• Long tail whips from side to side to help with swimming
• Contains mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for the tail
• The aerosome stores digestive enzymes for breaking down the outer layer of the egg

Question 5

Functions of a nerve cell

Answer 5

• Carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal
• They provide rapid communication system between the different parts of the body

Question 6

Adaptations of a nerve cell

Answer 6

• Lots of dentrites to make connections to other nerve cells
• An axon that carries the nerve impulses from one place to another
• The nerve endings are adapted to pass impulses to another nerve cell or between and nerve cell and a muscle by using special transmitter
• Contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy

Question 7

Function of a muscle cell

Answer 7

• They contract and relax in pairs so vertebrates can move on land or fly

Question 8

Adaptations of a muscle cell

Answer 8

• Contain special proteins that slide after each other making fibre contact
• Contain mitochondria to transfer the energy needed for the chemical reactions that take place as the cells contract and relax
• They can store glycogen to transfer the energy needed for the fibres to contract

Question 9

Function of a red blood cell

Answer 9

Transport oxygen around the body

Question 10

Adaptations of red blood cells

Answer 10

• They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
• They have no nucleus to make space for oxygen
• They have bioconcave discs that increase the surface area to volume ratio for diffusion