The Common Agriculutral Policy Flashcards
What was the forerunner to the EU called?
The European economic community (EEC)
What was the treaty called that created the EEC and when was it signed?
Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957
When was the CAP introduced?
1962
What were the original aims of the CAP 1962-1992?
- To increase agricultural productivity in member states
- To ensure a fair standard of living for farmers
- To stabilise agricultural markets
- To ensure reasonable consumer prices
- To maintain employment in agricultural areas
Import tariffs definition
Taxes applied to imported goods
Intervention prices
Set prices (by the EU) guaranteeing prices for commodities. If internal market prices falls below intervention level the EU will buy up produce to raise the price to the intervention level
Subsidies (agriculture)
This is money paid to the farmer to grow particular crops. Maintains home grown supplies. Usually paid on the amount of land growing the crop rather than on crop yields.
What were the results of the original CAP?
Overproduction by EU farmers creating surpluses. Known as ‘mountains and lakes’ e.g. Cereals, butter, beef apples, oranges, tobacco and wine.
What percentage of the EU’s total budget was spent on agriculture and what percentage of its income came from agriculture?
70% of the total budget was spent on agriculture
5% of the total income came from agriculture
Who were the net gainers for the CAP?
France and Southern Europe with larger, less efficient farms
Who were the net losers from the CAP?
Those with a smaller agricultural sector but with smaller more efficient farms e.g. The UK
While the CAP brought near self sufficiency by the mid 1980s what problems did it bring?
- Surplus production and huge storage costs
- Over-intensive farming has damaged the environment
- Growing tensions between the EU and its trading partners (USA, Australia etc) over the impact of subsidised EU produce on world markets
- LEDCs found it difficult to trade with the EU
- Large prosperous farms benefitted more than smaller/medium sized farms. This caused rural-urban migration
What were the 1992 reforms to the CAP?
- Support for cereals, beef and sheep was reduced
- Quotas were introduced, particularly dairy farming
- Set-aside policies introduced
- Environmentally sensitive farming encouraged: decreasing use of fertilisers and pesticides
- Early retirement plans for farmers aged over 55
What did quotas do within the European Union?
Used to reduce production. Farmers limited to strict amounts of production. Introduced for milk production initially but there are quotas on many farming products
What did EU quotas do outside the EU?
Late 1990s, Ecuador, Honduras and Guatemala claimed that the EU’s tariff and quota system discriminated against them.
The WTO agreed and the EU had to drop restrictions.