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History: Democracy and Nazism: Germany 1918-1945 > The Collapse of the Democracy 1928-1933 > Flashcards

The Collapse of the Democracy 1928-1933 Flashcards

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1
Q

What fraction of German workers were registered as unemployed by 1932?

A

A third

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2
Q

What has it been estimated that the number of unemployed was by January 1933?

A

8 million

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3
Q

Which glass making city was affected by the depression and by 1931 half of the population was receiving welfare payments and some that no longer qualified had to rely on relief?

A

Brand-Ebisdorff

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4
Q

Which diseases begin to spread because of poverty?

A

Terberculosis and Rickets

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5
Q

In Hamburg in June 1933 unemployment was what among the age group of 14-25?

A

39%

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6
Q

What were young people convicted with during the depression?

A

Theft
Assault
Threatening behaviour

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7
Q

Who did the KPD have success in recruiting during the depression?

A

working class youths to ‘wild cliques’

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8
Q

Which political extremist paramilitary groups attracted young boys with the promise of a uniform, food and shelter?

A

The SA

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9
Q

What law was passed in May 1932 in response to right wing accusations of ‘double earners’?

A

A law allowing female civil servants to be dissmissed

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10
Q

How many women were dismissed from the Reich Postal service after the law in May 1932?

A

1000

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11
Q

In response to the depression, the DVP wanted to reduce unemployment benefits. What did the SPD want to do?

A

Protect benefits and raise taxes

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12
Q

What did the appointment of Bruner as Chancellor influenced by Groener show about the Weimar Government?

A

That the army was beginning to play a key role in politics

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13
Q

What did Bruner’s coalition Government exclude that meant the Weimar was practically a dictatorship after March 1930?

A

The SPD

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14
Q

How many votes did the Nazis gain in September 1930?

A

6.5 million!!

From 12 to 107 seats

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15
Q

Nazis claimed communists killed 29 of their men. How many did the KPD accuse them of killing communists?

A

92

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16
Q

What was outlawed in April 1932?

A

The SA

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17
Q

How many members did the SA have by 1932?

A

400,000

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18
Q

Which Nazi ideology proclaimed that power, strength and determination would succeed and were presented through the image of the SA?

A

The power of the will

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19
Q

Which Nazi ideology stressed that conflict between races was the natural order of things and war would reconstruct a new German Reich that glorified the military?

A

Struggle and War

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20
Q

Which Nazi ideology demonstrated an Aryan state that would abolish social class and go back to a romanticized mythical Germany that would be based on ‘blood and soil’?

A

Volksgemeinschaft

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21
Q

Which Nazi ideology stressed that democracy was the evil of communism and that the ‘November Criminals’ should be replaced with a dictatorship?

A

Fuhrerhsip

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22
Q

Which Nazi ideology hoped to reverse the TOV, establish a Great German Reich and secure Lebensraum?

A

Nationalism

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23
Q

What did Nazis argue was a major result of the depression?

A

Jewish Capitalism

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24
Q

What did Hitler use money from Hugenburg and Thyssen for?

A

Travel all over Germany giving speeches

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25
Q

How many votes did the KPD gain between 1928 and July 1932?

A

2 million

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26
Q

What did the communists stage?

A

Hunger marches

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27
Q

What was Bruner dubbed for his economic policies like reducing state expenditure and cutting welfare benefits?

A

The hunger chancellor

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28
Q

Who began to rule by decree in December 1932?

A

Papen

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29
Q

Who believed the greatest threat to Germany was communism and lifted the ban on the SA?

A

Papen

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30
Q

How many Nazis were in Hitler’s cabinet in 1933?

A

3 out of 12

31
Q

Who organised a demonstration that proved Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor wasn’t going to be a ‘normal change’ in German society?

A

Joseph Goebbels

32
Q

How many members did the SA have by 1934?

A

3 million

33
Q

What was the name of the merged SA and German police ‘Stahlhelm’?

A

Auxillary police

34
Q

Who’s paper was banned for criticising the murders of a communist and an SPD mayor?

A

SPD

35
Q

What was the first permanent concentration camp that began in 1933 and housed 5,000 people?

A

Dachau

36
Q

What happened on the 27th February 1933 that intensified Nazi violence and led to the decree for the protection of the people and the state?

A

The Reichstag Fire

37
Q

What decree was passed that gave the police the power to arrest and detain without charge and search private premises?

A

the decree for the protection of the people and the state

38
Q

How many communists were arrested in 2 weeks because of a fear of a ‘German Bolshevik Revolution’ after the Reichstag fire?

A

10,000

39
Q

What act was passed on the 24th March 1933 that gave Hitler the dictatorial power to pass laws without the permission of the Reichstag?

A

The Enabling Act

40
Q

Between 1929 and 1932, Germany’s export trade declined by what?

A

61%

41
Q

Between 1929 and 1932, Germany’s industrial production declined by what?

A

11%

42
Q

During the depression, why was there a difference between male and female employment statistics?

A

Some traditional female jobs weren’t affected

Women less likely to register as unemployed

43
Q

What were Bruning’s Government’s priorities towards young people during the depression?

A

Control expenditure of benefits

Lessen effects of unemployment on young people

44
Q

During the depression, what did the Government establish for young people?

A

Day centres for work related activities and socialising
Emergency labour schemes of manual labour with wages which were below the minimum
Voluntary labour schemes = leaving home for 6 months

45
Q

During the depression, when were there 2 waves of strikes for higher wages for young people in the Emergency Labour Schemes?

A

October 1930

June 1932

46
Q

What was the law allowing married women to be dismissed from the Civil Service symbolic of?

A

Victory for those who believed married women shouldn’t be employed outside the home

47
Q

During the depression, who’s rights suffered?

A

Women’s

48
Q

What were the political consequences of the depression?

A

Collapse of Grand Coalition
Left and right extremist groups gained support
Intensification of political violence

49
Q

In the Grand Coalition during the depression, what did the DVP and the SPD want to do which created a deadlock and forced Muller to resign?

A

DVP reduce unemployment benefits

SPD protect benefits and raise taxes

50
Q

What did the role of General Groener and Von Schleicher, who were opposed to democracy, in the appointment of Bruner as Chancellor in 1930 signify?

A

Army’s role in politics

51
Q

In 1932 how many laws were passed by decree in comparison to laws passed by the Reichstag?

A

66

5

52
Q

In 1930 how many laws were passed by decree in comparison to laws passed by the Reichstag?

A

98

5

53
Q

What did Bruning’s coalition Gov exclude, meaning he couldn’t support laws as he didn’t have enough support from the Reichstag?

A

SPD

54
Q

How did Bruning respond to the depression?

A

Cut expenditure

Raised taxes

55
Q

What did Bruning do that caused a political crises because Article 48 was only meant to be used in emergencies not for political business?

A

Used Article 48 to pass a law putting the budget of cutting expenditure and raising taxes into law

56
Q

How many seats did the communists have in the Reichstag in 1930?

A

77

57
Q

Out of the whole electorate, what fraction of people voted for anti democratic parties in 1930?

A

2/5

58
Q

Between February and November 1931, how many times did the Reichstag meet?

A

0

59
Q

What paramilitary group did the KPD form?

A

Red-Front Fighters League

60
Q

In the March 1933 election, who still had significant presence in the Reichstag despite Hitler’s efforts?

A

Centre Party 11.25% of vote

SPD 18.25% of vote

61
Q

What did the communist’s membership increase to in 1932?

A

360,000

62
Q

What is an example of a place that came under communist control as the communists presented themselves as defenders of working class districts?

A

Wedding District of Berlin

63
Q

What did the KPD believe in?

A 
End to cuts in unemployment benefits and wages
legislation of abortion
close cooperation with the USSR
end of military spending
workers state
64
Q

What was the KPD’s ultimate aim?

A

Throw over the Weimar

65
Q

What did the KPD label the SPD as?

A

‘social fascists’

66
Q

What were some strengths of the KPD?

A

Posters

67
Q

In the July 1932 election, what percentage of the vote did the Nazis have?

A

37.3%

68
Q

Which groups didn’t vote for the Nazis in the July 1932 election?

A

SPD
KPD
Catholics from the Centre Party

69
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Nazis have in the November 1932 election?

A

33.1%

70
Q

Why did the Nazis get less votes in the November 1932 election?

A

Middle class alienated by Nazis attacks on Papen nd his refusal to join a coalition

71
Q

Who alienated industrialists during his chancellorship from December 1932 to January 1933 because of his economic policies?

A

Schleicher

72
Q

Who failed to get a coalition with the Nazis?

A

Shleicher

73
Q

Who asked for virtually dictatorial powers?

A

Schleicher

74
Q

Why was Nazi prominence in elections important?

A

Because it meant Hitler had to be listened to and consulted on coalitions

History: Democracy and Nazism: Germany 1918-1945 (6 decks)

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