Early Years of the Weimar 1919-1924 Flashcards
Which reforms ended the Kaiser’s autocratic rule because Prince Max became the chancellor, the Chancellor was in control of the Reichstag, and the army was under control of the Civil Government?
Kaiser’s October Reforms 1918
Who asks for an armistice in October 1918?
Prince Max
What happened on 22nd October 1918 ‘The Kaiser is a Scoundrel’ ‘Up with the republic’?
Friedrichshafen strike
What happened for the first time on 28th October 1918 at Wilhelmshaven?
Naval Mutiny
Who mutinied against their officers on the 3rd November 1918?
Sailors
What was established on the 4th November 1918?
Soldiers and workers councils
Where was there a republic on the 8th November 1918?
Bavaria
Who called for a General Strike on the 9th November 1918 and withdrew support from the Kaiser’s Government?
SPD
Who tells the Government that the army won’t support it on 9th November 1918?
General Groener
Who became the President of the Reichstag but didn’t believe in revolutionary action and was more conservative?
Ebert
Who does Ebert make an agreement with on the 10th November 1918?
General Groener
Who does Ebert promise that he’ll exercise power in their name as a temporary agreement?
Workers and soldiers councils
Who saw workers and soldiers councils as an expression of the revolution?
USPD
What happens on the 16th December that kills 16 people?
Spartacist Revolution
What are some strengths of the Weimar? (5)
Wider right to vote Prop rep Full democracy Rights for individuals Referendums could be called
What are some weaknesses of the Weimar? (3)
Prop rep
Too many coalitions
Article 48
How much km cubed (13%) did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
70,000
How much iron ore did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?
75%
What was demilitarised in the Treaty of Versailles?
The Rhineland
What blamed Germany for the war?
Article 231
What were German reactions to the Treaty of Versailles? (3)
Resentment, wouldn’t accept blame
National self-determination denied to them - millions of Germans forced to be Polish etc citizens
German nationalists angry at outlawing of nationalist groups and patriotic songs under control of the French
in Allied occupation of once German colonies`
How justified were German reactions to the Treaty? (4)
Treaty could have been much more severe
Didn’t punish as much as Clemencau would have e.g creating an independent Rhineland
Germany had made Russia suffer worse in the Treaty of Brest-Lovick
Germany would have annexed territory if they won
What were pro republican reactions to the treaty? (3)
SPD asked DVP DNVP and DDP to state ppl who had voted for the treaty were not unpatriotic
Took view of outwardly complying while negotiating changes / policy of fulfillment
Turned some Weimar supporters against it - alienated moderates who had wanted a better republic but couldn’t deal with politicians who had betrayed them
What were right wing reactions to treaty?
Many joined extremist right groups that wanted to overthrow the Gov
Betrayal of the fatherland - dethroning the Kaiser, singing of the armistice, acceptance of the Treaty
‘November Criminals’ ‘Stab in the Back’
Ludendorff excused and the army given no blame even tho he had advised a new civilian gov to the Kaiser - ‘stab in the back’ myth was promoted by him to avoid blame for him and ensure the politicians were blamed instead
When did prices double?
Between 1918 and 1919
When did prices quadruple?
Between 1919 and 1920
In what month of 1919 was debt at 1.4 million marks?
January
Which cabinet in 1920 let hyperinflation rise because they were led by the centre party and supported powerful industrialists who took out short term loans>
Fehrenbach
What were Germany forced to postpone in January and July 1922?
Reparations
Where did the French occupy in 1923 with 60,000 men and take over steelworks and factories?
The Ruhr
What were the economic effects of the Occupation of the Ruhr? (5)
had to pay workers who were striking caused drain on gov
tax revenue lost from closed businesses
workers unemployed
Germany had to import coal using limited foreign currency reserves shortage of goods = more inflation
Who implemented passive resistance in response to the Occupation of the Ruhr?
Chancellor Cuno
What was the working day limited to in 1919?
8 hours
Who was state health insurance extended to in 1919>
Wives and the disabled
What aid was introduced in 1919?
For war veterans
What welfare act was introduced in 1922?
National Youth
Who were the winners of hyperinflation? (5)
Black marketeers People who had debts, mortgages and loans Enterprising business people Owners of foreign exchange/foreigners Farmers
Who were the losers of hyperinflation? (5)
Pensioners
People who had lent money using ‘war bonds’
Unskilled workers or those who didn’t belong to trade unions
The Mittelstand
The Sick
What event on the 5th January 1919 was poorly supported by the working class and put down?
Spartacist uprising
Where were there strikes in April 1919 that demanded a Government based on soldiers and workers councils?
Halle and Ruhr Valley
What major political extremist event happened in 1919 that showed that the Government couldn’t trust the army, the TOV was a huge impact on German society, the Civil Service could be disloyal and workers were important bc they called a General Strike?
The Kapp Putsch
Which anti republican extremist group were supported by the German army and killed Walter Rathanaeu?
Vanterlandische Verbande
How many assassinations were there between 1919 and 1923 for left wing and how many were given the death penalty?
22 left wing
10 sentenced to death
How many assassinations were there between 1919 and 1923 for the right wing?
345
How did the right wing see the calling off of passive resistance?
Betrayal/November Criminals
Who was installed in Bavaria as state commissioner that caused a March on Berlin for a dictatorship?
Von Kahr
What politically extremist even happened in 1923 that demonstrated the importance of the army to the regime, banned Nazis, gave the Nazis an impression of being nationalist heroes and demonstrated the growth of extremist parties?
Munich Putsch
How many coalitions were there between 1919 and 1923?
10
`How many seats did the KPD have in June 1920?
4
