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History: Democracy and Nazism: Germany 1918-1945 > Early Years of the Weimar 1919-1924 > Flashcards

Early Years of the Weimar 1919-1924 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which reforms ended the Kaiser’s autocratic rule because Prince Max became the chancellor, the Chancellor was in control of the Reichstag, and the army was under control of the Civil Government?

A

Kaiser’s October Reforms 1918

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2
Q

Who asks for an armistice in October 1918?

A

Prince Max

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3
Q

What happened on 22nd October 1918 ‘The Kaiser is a Scoundrel’ ‘Up with the republic’?

A

Friedrichshafen strike

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4
Q

What happened for the first time on 28th October 1918 at Wilhelmshaven?

A

Naval Mutiny

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5
Q

Who mutinied against their officers on the 3rd November 1918?

A

Sailors

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6
Q

What was established on the 4th November 1918?

A

Soldiers and workers councils

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7
Q

Where was there a republic on the 8th November 1918?

A

Bavaria

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8
Q

Who called for a General Strike on the 9th November 1918 and withdrew support from the Kaiser’s Government?

A

SPD

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9
Q

Who tells the Government that the army won’t support it on 9th November 1918?

A

General Groener

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10
Q

Who became the President of the Reichstag but didn’t believe in revolutionary action and was more conservative?

A

Ebert

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11
Q

Who does Ebert make an agreement with on the 10th November 1918?

A

General Groener

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12
Q

Who does Ebert promise that he’ll exercise power in their name as a temporary agreement?

A

Workers and soldiers councils

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13
Q

Who saw workers and soldiers councils as an expression of the revolution?

A

USPD

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14
Q

What happens on the 16th December that kills 16 people?

A

Spartacist Revolution

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15
Q

What are some strengths of the Weimar? (5)

A 
Wider right to vote
Prop rep
Full democracy
Rights for individuals 
Referendums could be called
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16
Q

What are some weaknesses of the Weimar? (3)

A

Prop rep
Too many coalitions
Article 48

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17
Q

How much km cubed (13%) did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

70,000

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18
Q

How much iron ore did Germany lose in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

75%

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19
Q

What was demilitarised in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The Rhineland

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20
Q

What blamed Germany for the war?

A

Article 231

21
Q

What were German reactions to the Treaty of Versailles? (3)

A

Resentment, wouldn’t accept blame

National self-determination denied to them - millions of Germans forced to be Polish etc citizens

German nationalists angry at outlawing of nationalist groups and patriotic songs under control of the French
in Allied occupation of once German colonies`

22
Q

How justified were German reactions to the Treaty? (4)

A

Treaty could have been much more severe

Didn’t punish as much as Clemencau would have e.g creating an independent Rhineland

Germany had made Russia suffer worse in the Treaty of Brest-Lovick

Germany would have annexed territory if they won

23
Q

What were pro republican reactions to the treaty? (3)

A

SPD asked DVP DNVP and DDP to state ppl who had voted for the treaty were not unpatriotic

Took view of outwardly complying while negotiating changes / policy of fulfillment

Turned some Weimar supporters against it - alienated moderates who had wanted a better republic but couldn’t deal with politicians who had betrayed them

24
Q

What were right wing reactions to treaty?

A

Many joined extremist right groups that wanted to overthrow the Gov

Betrayal of the fatherland - dethroning the Kaiser, singing of the armistice, acceptance of the Treaty
‘November Criminals’ ‘Stab in the Back’

Ludendorff excused and the army given no blame even tho he had advised a new civilian gov to the Kaiser - ‘stab in the back’ myth was promoted by him to avoid blame for him and ensure the politicians were blamed instead

25
Q

When did prices double?

A

Between 1918 and 1919

26
Q

When did prices quadruple?

A

Between 1919 and 1920

27
Q

In what month of 1919 was debt at 1.4 million marks?

A

January

28
Q

Which cabinet in 1920 let hyperinflation rise because they were led by the centre party and supported powerful industrialists who took out short term loans>

A

Fehrenbach

29
Q

What were Germany forced to postpone in January and July 1922?

A

Reparations

30
Q

Where did the French occupy in 1923 with 60,000 men and take over steelworks and factories?

A

The Ruhr

31
Q

What were the economic effects of the Occupation of the Ruhr? (5)

A

had to pay workers who were striking caused drain on gov

tax revenue lost from closed businesses

workers unemployed

Germany had to import coal using limited foreign currency reserves shortage of goods = more inflation

32
Q

Who implemented passive resistance in response to the Occupation of the Ruhr?

A

Chancellor Cuno

33
Q

What was the working day limited to in 1919?

A

8 hours

34
Q

Who was state health insurance extended to in 1919>

A

Wives and the disabled

35
Q

What aid was introduced in 1919?

A

For war veterans

36
Q

What welfare act was introduced in 1922?

A

National Youth

37
Q

Who were the winners of hyperinflation? (5)

A 
Black marketeers 
People who had debts, mortgages and loans
Enterprising business people 
Owners of foreign exchange/foreigners
Farmers
38
Q

Who were the losers of hyperinflation? (5)

A

Pensioners
People who had lent money using ‘war bonds’
Unskilled workers or those who didn’t belong to trade unions
The Mittelstand
The Sick

39
Q

What event on the 5th January 1919 was poorly supported by the working class and put down?

A

Spartacist uprising

40
Q

Where were there strikes in April 1919 that demanded a Government based on soldiers and workers councils?

A

Halle and Ruhr Valley

41
Q

What major political extremist event happened in 1919 that showed that the Government couldn’t trust the army, the TOV was a huge impact on German society, the Civil Service could be disloyal and workers were important bc they called a General Strike?

A

The Kapp Putsch

42
Q

Which anti republican extremist group were supported by the German army and killed Walter Rathanaeu?

A

Vanterlandische Verbande

43
Q

How many assassinations were there between 1919 and 1923 for left wing and how many were given the death penalty?

A

22 left wing

10 sentenced to death

44
Q

How many assassinations were there between 1919 and 1923 for the right wing?

A

345

45
Q

How did the right wing see the calling off of passive resistance?

A

Betrayal/November Criminals

46
Q

Who was installed in Bavaria as state commissioner that caused a March on Berlin for a dictatorship?

A

Von Kahr

47
Q

What politically extremist even happened in 1923 that demonstrated the importance of the army to the regime, banned Nazis, gave the Nazis an impression of being nationalist heroes and demonstrated the growth of extremist parties?

A

Munich Putsch

48
Q

How many coalitions were there between 1919 and 1923?

A

10

49
Q

`How many seats did the KPD have in June 1920?

A

4

History: Democracy and Nazism: Germany 1918-1945 (6 decks)

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