The Cold War Flashcards
King George II
was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany
Taxation without representation
a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.
The stamp act
passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765.
George Washington
was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
Redcoats
British soldiers
Continental army
was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.
Seven year war
a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.
Loyalist
American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.
Patriots
a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.
Thomas jefferson
A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party. Jefferson was principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.
Declaration of independence
The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirtee
The three estates
France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered part of no estate
Louis xiv
known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.
Marie antoinette
was the last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Versailles
a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France
National Assembly
an elected legislature in various countries.
Estates general
the bicameral legislative body in the Netherlands
Declaration of rights of man
the Citizen, passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights
Constitution of 1791
created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting.
Emigres
a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons.
Radicals
a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.
Moderates
person who holds moderate views, especially in politics.
Conservatives
holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion.
Reign of terror
period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of “enemies of the
Jacobins
member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.
Maximilian Robespierre
the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico.
Guillotine
an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading
Conscription
compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.
The directory
book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers
Napoleon Bonaparte
a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars
Counter revolution
anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part.
Napoleonic code
It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.
The consulate waterloo
Premises officially occupied by a consul
Nationlism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Duke of wellington
Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain
Tennis court oath
the members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing “not to separate, and to …
Bastille
a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine.
