The Cold War

Question 1

King George II

Answer 1

was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain: he was born and brought up in northern Germany

Question 2

Taxation without representation

Answer 2

a slogan originating during the 1750s and 1760s that summarized a primary grievance of the American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies, which was one of the major causes of the American Revolution.

Question 3

The stamp act

Answer 3

passed by the British Parliament on March 22, 1765.

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.

Question 5

Redcoats

Answer 5

British soldiers

Question 6

Continental army

Answer 6

was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

Question 7

Seven year war

Answer 7

a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.

Question 8

Loyalist

Answer 8

American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

Question 9

Patriots

Answer 9

a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Question 10

Thomas jefferson

Answer 10

A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party. Jefferson was principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.

Question 11

Declaration of independence

Answer 11

The Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirtee

Question 12

The three estates

Answer 12

France under the Ancien Régime (before the French Revolution) divided society into three estates: the First Estate (clergy); the Second Estate (nobility); and the Third Estate (commoners). The king was considered part of no estate

Question 13

Louis xiv

Answer 13

known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

Question 14

Marie antoinette

Answer 14

was the last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the fifteenth and second youngest child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

a royal château in Versailles in the Île-de-France region of France

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

an elected legislature in various countries.

Question 17

Estates general

Answer 17

the bicameral legislative body in the Netherlands

Question 18

Declaration of rights of man

Answer 18

the Citizen, passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights

Question 19

Constitution of 1791

Answer 19

created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution. It retained the monarchy, but sovereignty effectively resided in the Legislative Assembly, which was elected by a system of indirect voting.

Question 20

Emigres

Answer 20

a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.

Question 22

Moderates

Answer 22

person who holds moderate views, especially in politics.

Question 23

Conservatives

Answer 23

holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion.

Question 24

Reign of terror

Answer 24

period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of “enemies of the

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.

Question 26

Maximilian Robespierre

Answer 26

the only monarch of the Second Mexican Empire. He was a younger brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph I. After a distinguished career in the Austrian Navy, he accepted an offer by Napoleon III of France to rule Mexico.

Question 27

Guillotine

Answer 27

an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading

Question 28

Conscription

Answer 28

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

Question 29

The directory

Answer 29

book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers

Question 30

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 30

a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars

Question 31

Counter revolution

Answer 31

anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part.

Question 32

Napoleonic code

Answer 32

It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.

Question 33

The consulate waterloo

Answer 33

Premises officially occupied by a consul

Question 34

Nationlism

Answer 34

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 35

Duke of wellington

Answer 35

Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain

Question 36

Tennis court oath

Answer 36

the members of the French Estates-General for the Third Estate, who had begun to call themselves the National Assembly, took the Tennis Court Oath, vowing “not to separate, and to …

Question 37

Bastille

Answer 37

a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine.