The Church

Question 1

How did the Church have political power?

Answer 1

Many members of the clergy were also members of the Witan

Question 2

How did the Church have legal power?

Answer 2

It heard court cases for crimes committed on Church land, decided punishments

Question 3

How did the Church play a role in medicine?

Answer 3

Treating illness through prayer or penance

Question 4

What was simony?

Answer 4

The buying or selling of Church positions or privileges.

Question 5

What was pluralism?

Answer 5

The practice of holding more than one Church position at a time.

Question 6

What did the Normans believe about the English Church?

Answer 6

It was corrupt

Question 7

How did William I get support from the Pope?

Answer 7

By promising to reform the English Church

Question 8

What happened to the Church in 1070?

Answer 8

Bishop Lanfranc replaced Stigand as Archbishop of Canterbury

Question 9

How did Lanfranc help organise reform?

Answer 9

Organised Church councils to spread reform

Question 10

By 1080, how many Anglo-Saxon bishops were left?

Answer 10

1

Question 11

How did Norman reform slightly sour relationships between the Normans and the Pope?

Answer 11

Some changes went against Papal reforms - aimed to increase William’s control over the Church

Question 12

What did bishops and abbots have to do?

Answer 12

Swear oaths of fealty to William I

Question 13

How did William’s reforms to landholding change the Church?

Answer 13

Church land had to provide knights for military service

Question 14

What was an example of the Norman abuse of power over the Church?

Answer 14

Normans looted treasure and money from Churches and sent it back to Normandy

Question 15

How did Normans invest in the Church?

Answer 15

Spent lots of money to build new churches and cathedrals

Question 16

What style were Norman cathedrals/churches built in?

Answer 16

Romanesque

Question 17

From 1070-1170, what happened to churches?

Answer 17

1070-1170: number of villages churches doubled

Question 18

By 1116, what had happened to churches?

Answer 18

Majority of looted churches had been rebuilt

Question 19

What were dioceses?

Answer 19

Areas of land - split up into archdeaconaries

Question 20

What were archdeaconries split up into?

Answer 20

Deaneries

Question 21

Who ran archdeaconaries?

Answer 21

Archdeacons

Question 22

How many Anglo-Saxon cathedrals were built in rural areas?

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

Where were Norman cathedrals built?

Answer 23

Urban areas

Question 24

How did the experience of peasants in Church change?

Answer 24

Most Anglo-Saxon priests remained

Question 25

What happened in 1076?

Answer 25

It was ruled that only Church courts could try clergy members for crimes

Question 26

How did the change in 1076 affect relationships with the Church?

Answer 26

It was in line with Church reforms in Europe - separate the Church from every day life

Question 27

How did William II's relationship with the papacy differ to his father's?

Answer 27

William II was a lot less religious

Question 28

Name 3 ways William I increased relations with the papacy.

Answer 28

- Increasing Church wealth in Normandy with English treasures - Building new cathedrals and churches - Peter's pence - Church reforms

Question 29

What did the Pope order William I to do after his conquest?

Answer 29

Penance -> William built Battle Abbey on the battlefield site

Question 30

What was Peter's pence?

Answer 30

A tax on every English household - 1p paid to the Pope

Question 31

Why did the Normans believe the English Church needed reforming?

Answer 31

Simony, pluralism, nepotism and clerical celibacy

Question 32

What happened in 1078?

Answer 32

Pope Gregory VII said the Church's power was greater than the monarch's, and banned kings from appointing bishops + abbots

Question 33

When did William II become king?

Answer 33

1087

Question 34

Why did Pope Urban II want good relations with the Normans?

Answer 34

He wanted Norman soldiers to be part of his crusader army

Question 35

When did Lanfranc die?

Answer 35

1089

Question 36

What happened when Lanfranc died?

Answer 36

William II did not replace him - William wanted the Church wealth for himself -> sours relations w/ papacy

Question 37

Who is appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury after Lanfranc?

Answer 37

Anselm in 1093

Question 38

How did Archbishop Anselm decrease relations between the Normans and the Papacy?

Answer 38

Anselm and William II clashed on many issues - such as William's use of income, morals and appointment of bishops

Question 39

What happens in 1097?

Answer 39

Anselm is exiled by William II.

Question 40

Who becomes Pope in 1099?

Answer 40

Paschall II

Question 41

When does Henry I become king?

Answer 41

1100

Question 42

What is the Concordat of London?

Answer 42

A compromise between Henry I and Anselm

Question 43

What did the Concordat of London state?

Answer 43

- The king still had a role in choosing bishops, but only the Church could give them symbols of spiritual authority. - The bishops pay homage to the king for land.

Question 44

When was the Concordat of London?

Answer 44

1107

Question 45

What happens after Henry I dies?

Answer 45

1100 - Anselm returns from exile