Battle of Fulford Gate, Stamford Bridge, Hastings

Question 1

Name 3 ways William prepared for battle.

Answer 1

1. Secured the Papal banner from the Pope -> Holy War
2. Flat-bottom boats built to transport horses -> cavalry
3. Carried flat-pack castles which could be easily built
4. Secured a base in Normandy by extending his influence over surrounding provinces

Question 2

When was the Battle of Fulford Gate?

Answer 2

FG: 20th September 1066

Question 3

Who was the Battle of Fulford Gate fought between?

Answer 3

Harald Hardrada and the Vikings and the Anglo-Saxons

Question 4

BoFG: How many men did the Viking army have?

Answer 4

10,000

Question 5

BoFG: How many ships did the Vikings invade with?

Answer 5

300 ships

Question 6

What happened in the Battle of Fulford Gate?

Answer 6

1. Earls Edwin and Morcar defeated by Harald and Tostig
2. Hardrada defeated the English
3. Many casualties and hostages taken

Question 7

What was a consequence of the Battle of Fulford Gate?

Answer 7

Harold Godwinson is forced to come north himself to defend the country

Question 8

BoFG: How quickly did Harold Godwinson arrive near York?

Answer 8

Travelled 190 miles in just 4 days.

Question 9

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 9

25th September 1066

Question 10

How were the Vikings unprepared for the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 10

1. Caught off guard by Harold - Harald and Hostig had left some of their armour and troops behind.
2. Troops tired from Stamford Bridge

Question 11

What happened in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

Answer 11

1. Harold’s surprise arrival broke the Viking shield wall.
2. Harold won -> killed Tostig and Harald.

Question 12

How many days after the Battle of Stamford Bridge did William land in England?

Answer 12

3 days after Stamford Bridge

Question 13

Hastings: What types of soldiers did William have?

Answer 13

Infantry, cavalry and archers

Question 14

What was the turning point of Hastings?

Answer 14

1. A rumour spread that William died - he removed his helmet to show he was still alive -> boosted morale
2. Norman calvary - feigned retreat tactic -> fyrd chased them, breaking shield wall

Question 15

What was the outcome of Hastings?

Answer 15

Harold Godwinson was shot in the eye and killed, Normans won

Question 16

What time was the Battle of Hastings over by?

Answer 16

6pm

Question 17

Hastings: Give 3 ways William’s leadership helped the Normans win.

Answer 17

1. William fought on horseback -> communication was easy
2. Used gonfanon (flag) system -> communication was easy
3. Used mercenaries - very skilled troops

Question 18

Hastings: how did luck help the Normans to win?

Answer 18

The invasion was delayed due to a storm -> army arrived after Stamford Bridge so the Anglo-Saxons were weakened.

Question 19

Hastings: name 2 ways Harold’s mistakes helped the Normans to win.

Answer 19

1. Harold fought on foot -> communication was hard
2. He rushed to battle without waiting for 20,000 extra troops

Question 20

Name 2 ways William used terror in his first steps to coronation.

Answer 20

1. Harried land in the South whilst marching from Winchester to London
2. Used scorched earth policy in Southwark

Question 21

What was William’s first step after Hastings?

Answer 21

Secure ports at Dover -> stopped Anglo-Saxon trade

Question 22

What did William do after securing the ports at Dover?

Answer 22

Seized the royal treasury at Winchester

Question 23

What happened at Berkhamsted?

Answer 23

1. Edgar Aethling, Archbishops Ealdred and Stigand, Edwin and Morcar and the Witan swore an oath of fealty to William
2. William swore to be a fair and just king

Question 24

When was William crowned King?

Answer 24

25th December 1066

Question 25

When was the Battle of Hastings?

Answer 25

14th October 1066