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How did William Maintain Control? Flashcards

1
Q

How many Norman castles were in England by 1086?

A

48 large ones, 500 smaller ones

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2
Q

What purposes were castles first used for?

A

Strategic and symbolic

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3
Q

What purposes did castles continue to be used for?

A

Practical - they became administrative hubs

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4
Q

How were the Norman castles used as symbols of power?

A
  1. They were often placed on top of already-built Anglo-Saxon houses or settlements
  2. They were much taller and foreign-looking than Anglo-Saxon castles so were imposing
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5
Q

How were castles used for protection? Give an example.

A

Built where rebellions or invasions were common - built along the Welsh/Scottish borders and coast

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6
Q

How many castles were built in Shropshire?

A

70

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7
Q

Why did Edwin and Morcar rebel?

A
  1. Their earldoms had been made smaller
  2. Edwin was promised to marry William’s daughter but this never happened
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8
Q

When was Edwin and Morcar’s rebellion?

A

1068

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9
Q

Who was involved in Edwin and Morcar’s rebellion?

A

A group of rebels, including Edgar Aethling and led by Edwin and Morcar

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10
Q

What was the outcome of Edwin and Morcar’s rebellion?

A
  1. William forced them into surrendering at Berkhamsted
  2. William then returned their possessions and titles to them
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11
Q

When was the rebellion at the Welsh borders?

A

1067

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12
Q

Who was involved in the rebellion on the Welsh borders?

A

Eadric (an earl), English rebels and Welsh princes

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13
Q

What happened in the rebellion on the Welsh borders?

A

The rebels managed to steal property along the border

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14
Q

What was the outcome of the rebellion on the Welsh borders?

A

A garrison stationed at the Norman castle in Shrewsbury attacked -> the rebels were defeated

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15
Q

When was the Exeter revolt?

A

1068

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16
Q

Why did the Exeter revolt happen?

A

Anglo-Saxons rebelled against William to support the Godwins’ claim to the throne.
They had refused to pay tax to William or swear an oath of fealty.

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17
Q

What happened in the Exeter rebellion?

A
  1. The King besieged the city with an army.
  2. The city held out for 18 days before it was forced to surrender.
  3. William built a castle on the highest ground.
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18
Q

On his way back from Exeter, where did William also suppress?

A

Bristol and Gloucester

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19
Q

How long did the rebellion at Exeter last?

A

18 days

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20
Q

Who did William leave in charge at Exeter?

A

His brother, Robert of Mortain

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21
Q

What areas did William also suppress on his way back to London from Exeter?

A

Britsol and Gloucester

22
Q

What were the consequences of the Exeter rebellion?

A

William used compromise and the city was happy.

23
Q

Shortly after the Exeter rebellion, who arrived to stir up another revolt? Was it successful?

A

Harold Gonwinson’s sons. They were not successful and the people remained loyal to William.

24
Q

When was the Harrying of the North?

25
What caused the Harrying of the North to begin?
The North rebelled in 1069 after a Norman Earl replaced an Anglo-Saxon one.
26
What happened in the rebellion in the North in 1069? (Name 2-3 things)
1. The rebels burned the home of the Bishop of Durham. 2. They killed the Earl Robert Cumin. 3. They received help from 240 Viking ships and Scottish reinforces.
27
Harrying of the North: how did William respond to the rebellion?
He used brute force. Homes were destroyed, along with crops and animals, and over 100,000 people died.
28
How many (%) homes on Yorkshire were burnt in the Harrying of the North?
60%
29
How many people died in the Harrying of the North?
100,000
30
What is “scorched earth policy”?
Farmland and crops burnt to cause harm
31
Name an impact of the Harrying of the North.
1. William builds more castles (e.g: Newcastle) to stop rebellions 2. Some refugees went on to support Hereward the Wake at Ely.
32
Who was Hereward the Wake?
An English thegn whose title had been given to a Norman.
33
Ely: who did Hereward join forces with?
King Sweyn of Denmark
34
Where did the rebels and Danish set up at?
The island of Ely: In the marshlands as easy to defend
35
What type of warfare was used at Ely?
Guerrilla
36
When was the rebellion at Ely?
1070-71
37
Ely: Where was raided by the rebels?
Local areas such as Peterborough Abbey
38
Why did the Normans struggle to stop the rebellion at Ely?
They struggled to get across the marshlands.
39
What was the outcome of the rebellion at Ely?
William bribed the Vikings to leave, then defeated the rebels.
40
What happened to the people involved with the rebellion at Ely?
1. Hereward the Wake escaped 2. Earl Morcar was imprisoned 3. Rebels had either hands or feet amputated.
41
Why was the rebellion at Ely special?
It was the last Anglo-Saxon rebellion.
42
Who led the next rebellion after Ely?
Norman earls.
43
Why were the Norman earls angry?
Angry about: 1. Loss of land 2. Loss of privileges 3. Loss of power
44
What was an example of the Norman earls’ loss of power?
Roger’s Marcher Earldom was smaller than his father’s
45
What was the plan for the rebellion of the Norman earls?
They would take over while William was in Normandy and split the country into 3
46
What happened in the Norman rebellion?
Lanfranc and Odo raised a combined Norman and Anglo-Saxon army and defeated the rebels.
47
What were 2 outcomes of the Norman earl rebellion?
1. Waltheof was executed 2. Ralph escaped 3. Roger was imprisoned
48
How many Anglo-Saxon earls were left after Waltheof’s execution?
0
49
What 3 earls led the Norman rebellion?
1. Norman - Ralph de Gael 2. Norman - Robert de Breteuil 3. A-S - Waltheof (last A-S earl)
50
When was Hereward the Wake’s rebellion?
1071
51
When was the Norman earl rebellion?
1075
52
When was the last rebellion under William the Conqueror?
1075

History - Normans (8 decks)

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