The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Atom
Basic until of matter
What are the subatomic particles that make up atoms?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Protons
Positively charged particles and neutrons carry no charge
Nucleus
- center of atom
- protons and neutrons are strongly bound together
Electron
- Negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton
- Are in constant motion in the space surrounding the nucleus
Element
Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
Compound
Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Ionic Bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Ions
Positive and negatively charged atoms
Covalent Bond
Forms when electrons are shared between atoms
Molecule
- Smallest unit of most compounds
- Atoms joined together by covalent bonds
Van der Waals Forces
Intermolecular forces of attraction
Choesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances
Mixture
Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined
Solute
The substance that is dissolved
Solvent
The substance in which the solute dissolves
Suspensions
Mixtures of water and nondissolved material
pH scale
To indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution
Acid
Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution
Base
Compound that produces hydroxide ions in solution
Buffers
Weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp sudden changes in pH
