Evolution

Question 1

Artificial Selection

Answer 1

Nature provided the variation, and humans selected those variations that they found useful

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Survival of the fittest

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance of survival

Question 4

Homologous Structures

Answer 4

Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic tissues

Question 5

Vestigial Structures

Answer 5

Organ that serves no useful function in an orgainism

Question 6

Embryology

Answer 6

The study of embryos and their development

Question 7

Gene Pool

Answer 7

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population

Question 8

What has to happen for evolution to not occur?

Answer 8

• no mutation
• no natural selection
• very large population

Question 9

Speciation

Answer 9

Formation of new species

Question 10

What are two main sources of variation?

Answer 10

Mutations and gene shuffling

Question 11

What can cause speciation?

Answer 11

Populations were prevented from interbreeding by geographic isolation

Question 12

Theory

Answer 12

Well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Question 13

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 13

Long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

Question 14

Convergent Evolution

Answer 14

Unrelated organisms come to resemble one another

Question 15

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 15

Rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms

Question 16

Coevolution

Answer 16

When two species evolve in response to change in each other

Question 17

Lamarck’s Theory

Answer 17

Wether organisms acquired or lost traits during their lifetime, then their traits would be passed to the offspring

Question 18

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 18

Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic organisms

Question 19

Radioactive Dating

Answer 19

The use of half-lives to determine the age of a sample

Question 20

Genetic Equilibrium

Answer 20

When allele frequencies remain constant

Question 21

Genetic Drift

Answer 21

Random change in allele frequency

Question 22

Polygenic Traits

Answer 22

Many traits are controlled by two or more genes

Question 23

Relative Frequency

Answer 23

The number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool