Human Body 1 Flashcards
Impulses
Messages carried by the nervous system
Threshold of a neuron
The minimal level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron
Resting Potential
The electrical charge across the cell membrane of a neuron in it’s resting state
Action Potential
Reversal of charges from negative to positive
Neurotransmitters
Sent across the synapses of a neuron and another cell
What makes up the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
All nerves and cells associated cells that are not apart of the brain or spinal cord
Somatic division of a nervous system
Regulates voluntary movements
Automatic divisions of the nervous system
Regulates involuntary actions
Sensory division of the nervous system
Transmits impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system
Motor divisions of the nervous system
Transmits impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands
Rods
Extremely sensitive to light (eye)
Cones
- Less sensitive to light that rods
- Respond to light of different colors producing color vision
Semicircular Canals
Sense organ that helps with balance and can make you feel dizzy (ear)
Tendons
Muscle to bone
Liagments
Bone to bone (holds bones together)
Main functions of the skin
- Protects against infections and injuries
- Regulate body temperature
- Provides UV protection
- Removes waste products
Neuron
Cells that transport impuleses
Feedback Inhibition
The process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus. “Heating system”
Axon
The long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body (neuron)
Myelin Sheath
Insulating membrane that surrounds the axon
Brain stem
Connects the brain and spinal cord
Cerebellum
Located at the back of the skull, second largest region in the brain
Cerebrum
Responsible for voluntary actions and is the site of intelligence
Thalamus
Receives messages from all of the sensory receptors throughout the body and then transports them to the cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Control center for recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temperature
Ossification
Bone formation when cartilage is replaced by bone
Myosin and Actin
Protein used in muscle contraction
Neuromuscular junction
Point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell
