The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Answer 1

An Element

Question 2

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Answer 2

A compound

Question 3

Required by an organism in only minute quantities

Answer 3

Trace elements

Question 4

Neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured in

Answer 4

Daltons

Question 5

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

Answer 5

Its valence electrons

Question 6

A positively charged ion is called a

Answer 6

Cation

Question 7

A negatively charged ion is called a

Answer 7

anion

Question 8

When anions and cations bond it is

Answer 8

an ionic bond

Question 9

When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Answer 9

Hydrogen bond

Question 10

Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds

Question 11

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Answer 11

surface tension

Question 12

An attraction between different substances

Example: between water and plant cell walls

Answer 12

Adhesion

Question 13

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC

Answer 13

Specific Heat

Question 14

Heat is ____ when hydrogen bonds break

Answer 14

absorbed

Question 15

Heat is ____ when hydrogen bonds form

Answer 15

released

Question 16

The heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

Answer 16

Heat of vaporization

Question 17

A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of substances

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

The dissolving agent of a solution

Answer 18

Solvent

Question 19

The substance that is dissolved

Answer 19

Solute

Question 20

A solution in which water is the solvent

Answer 20

aqueous solution

Question 21

What two things are key to a molecule’s function?

Answer 21

Shape and size

Question 22

A molecule’s shape is determined by

Answer 22

The positions of its orbitals

Question 23

What makes carbon the basis for life?

Answer 23

Its ability to form four bond

She just wanna bond with all them hoes

Question 24

The components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Answer 24

Functional Groups

Question 25

What is the chemical group?

Answer 25

Hydroxyl Group

Question 26

What is the chemical group?

Answer 26

Carbonyl group

Question 27

What is the chemical group?

Answer 27

Carboxyl Group

Question 28

What is the chemical group?

Answer 28

Amino Group

Question 29

What is the chemical group?

Answer 29

Sulfhydryl group

Question 30

What is the chemical group?

Answer 30

Phosphate Group

Question 31

What is the chemical group?

Answer 31

Methyl Group

Question 32

What are the four classes of biological molecules?

Answer 32

* Lipids * Proteins * Carbohydrates * Nucleic acids

Question 33

Large and complex molecules

Answer 33

Macromolecules

Question 34

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

Answer 34

Polymer

Question 35

The repeating units that serve as building blocks

Answer 35

Monomers

Question 36

Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

Answer 36

Enzymes

Question 37

When two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Answer 37

Dehydration Reaction

Question 38

Polymers are disassembled back to monomers through

Answer 38

Hydrolysis

Question 39

* Serve as fuel and building material * Include sugars and their polymers

Answer 39

Carbohydrates

Question 40

# These are examples of * Aldoses * Ketoses

Answer 40

Monosaccharides

Question 41

# These are examples of * Starch * Cellulose * Chitin

Answer 41

Polysaccharides

Question 42

* Diverse group of hydrophobic molecules * DO NOT form polymers

Answer 42

Lipids

Question 43

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Answer 43

Hydrocarbons

Question 44

Store, transmit, and help express hereditary information.

Answer 44

Nucleic Acids

Question 45

What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

Answer 45

Nucleotides

Question 46

An Important Source of Energy for Cellular Processes

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

> 50% dry weight of a cell.

Answer 47

Protein

Question 48

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

Answer 48

Electronegativity

Question 49

In what kind of bond do the atoms share the electron equally?

Answer 49

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 50

In what kind of bond is one atom more electronegative than the other?

Answer 50

Polar covalent bond

Question 51

Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of different charges

Answer 51

Van der Waals interactions

Question 52

What are responsible for the assembly and disassembly of macromolecules and the processing of their intermediates?

Answer 52

Enzymes

Question 53

When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

Answer 53

Chemical Equilibrium

Question 54

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

Answer 54

Metabolism

Question 55

The capacity to cause change

Answer 55

Energy

Question 56

Energy associated with motion

Answer 56

Kinetic Energy

Question 57

Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.

Answer 57

Thermal Energy

Question 58

Thermal energy in transfer between objects

Answer 58

Heat

Question 59

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

Answer 59

Potential Energy

Question 60

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Answer 60

Chemical Energy