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BYU11101 > The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

A

An Element

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2
Q

A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

A

A compound

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3
Q

Required by an organism in only minute quantities

A

Trace elements

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4
Q

Neutron mass and proton mass are almost identical and are measured in

A

Daltons

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5
Q

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by

A

Its valence electrons

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6
Q

A positively charged ion is called a

A

Cation

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7
Q

A negatively charged ion is called a

A

anion

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8
Q

When anions and cations bond it is

A

an ionic bond

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9
Q

When a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen bond

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10
Q

Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in

A

hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

A

surface tension

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12
Q

An attraction between different substances

Example: between water and plant cell walls

A

Adhesion

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13
Q

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC

A

Specific Heat

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14
Q

Heat is ____ when hydrogen bonds break

A

absorbed

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15
Q

Heat is ____ when hydrogen bonds form

A

released

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16
Q

The heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

A

Heat of vaporization

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17
Q

A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of substances

A

Solution

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18
Q

The dissolving agent of a solution

A

Solvent

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19
Q

The substance that is dissolved

A

Solute

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20
Q

A solution in which water is the solvent

A

aqueous solution

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21
Q

What two things are key to a molecule’s function?

A

Shape and size

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22
Q

A molecule’s shape is determined by

A

The positions of its orbitals

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23
Q

What makes carbon the basis for life?

A

Its ability to form four bond

She just wanna bond with all them hoes

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24
Q

The components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

A

Functional Groups

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25
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Hydroxyl Group

26
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Carbonyl group

27
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Carboxyl Group

28
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Amino Group

29
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Sulfhydryl group

30
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Phosphate Group

31
Q

What is the chemical group?

A

Methyl Group

32
Q

What are the four classes of biological molecules?

A
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
33
Q

Large and complex molecules

A

Macromolecules

34
Q

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

A

Polymer

35
Q

The repeating units that serve as building blocks

A

Monomers

36
Q

Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

37
Q

When two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

A

Dehydration Reaction

38
Q

Polymers are disassembled back to monomers through

A

Hydrolysis

39
Q
  • Serve as fuel and building material
  • Include sugars and their polymers
A

Carbohydrates

40
Q

These are examples of

  • Aldoses
  • Ketoses
A

Monosaccharides

41
Q

These are examples of

  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Chitin
A

Polysaccharides

42
Q
  • Diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
  • DO NOT form polymers
A

Lipids

43
Q

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbons

44
Q

Store, transmit, and help express hereditary information.

A

Nucleic Acids

45
Q

What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

46
Q

An Important Source of Energy for Cellular Processes

A

ATP

47
Q

> 50% dry weight of a cell.

A

Protein

48
Q

An atom’s attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

A

Electronegativity

49
Q

In what kind of bond do the atoms share
the electron equally?

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

50
Q

In what kind of bond is one atom more electronegative than the other?

A

Polar covalent bond

51
Q

Attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of different charges

A

Van der Waals interactions

52
Q

What are responsible for the assembly and disassembly of macromolecules and the processing of their intermediates?

A

Enzymes

53
Q

When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

A

Chemical Equilibrium

54
Q

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions

A

Metabolism

55
Q

The capacity to cause change

A

Energy

56
Q

Energy associated with motion

A

Kinetic Energy

57
Q

Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.

A

Thermal Energy

58
Q

Thermal energy in transfer between objects

A

Heat

59
Q

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

A

Potential Energy

60
Q

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

A

Chemical Energy

BYU11101 (17 decks)

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