Enzymes

Question 1

The study of energy transformations

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 2

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Question 3

During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is unusable and is often lost as heat.

Answer 3

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 4

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.

Answer 4

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Question 5

A measure of a system’s instability, its tendency to change to a more stable state.

Answer 5

Free energy

Question 6

True or False

Cells are in equilibrium

Answer 6

False

Question 7

____ release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds.

Answer 7

Catabolic Pathways

Question 8

____ consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.

Answer 8

Anabolic Pathways

Question 9

What type of reaction is this?

Answer 9

Exergonic

Spontaneous

Question 10

What kind of reaction is this?

Answer 10

Endergonic

Not spontaneous

Question 11

Energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform

Answer 11

Free energy

Question 12

A ____ reaction generates energy

Answer 12

Exergonic

Spontaneous

Question 13

A ____ reaction requires energy

Answer 13

Endergonic

Not spontaneous

Question 14

ΔG is negative for all ____ processes.

Answer 14

spontaneous

Question 15

Processes with zero or positive ΔG are ___

Answer 15

Never spontaneous

Question 16

The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called the

Answer 16

Activation Energy

Question 17

True or False

A catalyst is consumed on completion of a reaction.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Enzymes__do/do not__ affect the change in free energy

Answer 18

do not

Question 19

Begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product

Answer 19

Metabolic Pathway

Question 20

Occur without energy input

Answer 20

Spontaneous Processes

Question 21

Increase the entropy of the universe

Answer 21

Spontaneous Processes

Question 22

Processes that decrease entropy

Answer 22

Nonspontaneous

Question 23

ATP is comprised of

Answer 23

• Ribose
• Adenine
• 3 Phosphate groups

Question 24

When the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken

Answer 24

Energy is released

Question 25

A cell’s three types of work

Answer 25

• Chemical
• Transport
• Mechanical

Question 26

The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one

Answer 26

Energy coupling

Question 27

ATP hydrolysis can be used to power ____ reactions

Answer 27

non-spontaneous

Question 28

The reactant that an enzyme acts on is

Answer 28

The substrate

Question 29

Tthe region on the enzyme where the substrate binds

Answer 29

The active site

Question 30

Brings chemical groups of the active site into positions that enhance their ability to catalyze the reaction

Answer 30

Induced fit

Question 31

The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction can be sped up by increasing

Answer 31

Substrate concentration

Question 32

When all enzyme molecules have their active sites engaged

Answer 32

The enzyme is saturated

Question 33

Nonprotein enzyme helpers

Answer 33

Cofactors

Question 34

An organic cofactor is called a ___

Answer 34

coenzyme

Question 35

An inactive enzyme without the cofactor is called an

Answer 35

apoenzyme

Question 36

A complete enzyme with cofactor is called a

Answer 36

holoenzyme

Question 37

Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the substrate

Answer 37

Competitive inhibitors

Question 38

Bind to another part of an enzyme, causing the enzyme to
change shape and making the active site less effective

Answer 38

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 39

When a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site and affects the protein’s function at another site

Answer 39

Allosteric regulation

Question 40

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 40

The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway

Question 41

A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity

Answer 41

Cooperativity

Question 42

One substrate molecule primes an enzyme to act on additional substrate molecules more readily

Answer 42

Cooperativity