Protein Flashcards
____ proteins accelerate chemical reactions
Enzymatic
Example: Digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food
____ proteins protect against disease
Defensive
Example: Antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria.
____ proteins store amino acids
Storage
Example: The protein in milk
____ proteins transport substances
Transport
Example: Transporting substances across the cell membrane
____ proteins coordinate an organism’s activities
Hormonal
Example: Insulin
____ proteins allow a cell to respond to chemical stimuli
Receptor
Example: Nerve cells
____ proteins allow for movement
Motor
Example: proteins that make flagella
____ proteins act as support
Structural
Example: Keratin
How many different amino acids are involved in the creation of proteins?
Twenty
Unbranched polymers built from these amino acids
Polypeptides
A biologically functional molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides
Protein
Organic molecules with amino and carboxyl groups
Amino Acids
Which group is Glycine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Alanine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Valine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Leucine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Isoleucine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Methionine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Phenylalanine in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Tryptophan in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Proline in?
Nonpolar side chains
Hydrophobic
Which group is Serine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Threonine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Cysteine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Tyrosine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Asparagine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Glutamine in?
Polar side chains
Hydrophilic
Which group is Aspartic Acid in?
Electrically charged side chains
Acidic, Negatively Charged, Hydrophilic
Which group is Glutamic Acid in?
Electrically charged side chains
Acidic, Negatively Charged, Hydrophilic
Which group is Lysine in?
Electrically charged side chains
Basic, Positively Charged, Hydrophilic
Which group is Arginine in?
Electrically charged side chains
Basic, Positively Charged, Hydrophilic
Which group is Histidine in?
Electrically charged side chains
Basic, Positively Charged, Hydrophilic
What are the covalent bonds that link amino acids?
Peptide Bonds
What does the sequence of amino acids determine for a protein?
Its structure
A protein’s ____ determines how it functions
Structure
____ structure consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide chain
Secondary
____ structure is determined by interactions among various side chains
Tertiary
____ structure results when a protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains
Quaternary
____ structure of a protein is its sequence of
amino acids
Primary
The primary structure of a protein is determined by
Genetic information
An inherited blood disorder that results from a single amino acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin
Sickle Cell
The loss of a protein’s native structure is called
Denaturation
What is X-ray crystallography used for?
To determine a protein’s structure
