The chemistry of food (unfinished) Flashcards
What are the 3 main compounds that make up the structure of a cell?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Protiens
What are Carbohydrates, lipids, and Protiens made from?
Large molecules that are often made up of smaller molecules joined together as part of the cell metabolism
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism
What are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates provide us with the fuel that makes all of the other reactions of life possible
What are Carbohydrates made from?
- Units of sugars
- Some carbs, such as glucose, are made up of single sugars
- Other carbs are made of 2 sugar units joined together, such as sucrose (what we call sugar).
- These small carbohydrate units are called simple sugars
- Complex carbs, such as starch and cellulose, are made from long chains of simple sugar units bonded together
What foods are rich in carbs?
- Rice
- Bread
- Potatoes
- Pasta
What are most of the carbohydrates you eat used for?
They will be broken down into glucose and used in cellular respiration to provide energy for the metabolic reactions in your cells.
What do plants use cellulose for?
Support the plant and maintaining plant cells’ rigidity and structure
What are lipids?
- Lipids are fats (solids) and oils (liquids).
Why are lipids important in your diet?
- They are the most efficient energy store in your body and are an important source of energy in your diet.
- Combined with other molecules, lipids are very important in your cell membranes, hormones, and in your nervous system.
What elements are lipids made of?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is a property of lipids with water?
They are all insoluble in water
What are lipids made of?
3 molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol
What varies and what stays the same in the structure of lipids?
The glycerol stays the same but the fatty acids vary
What are lipid rich foods?
- Olive oil
- Corn oil
- Butter
- Margarine
- Cheese
- Cream
