The Changing Economy of the UK Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

How has employment in coal mining changed between 1960 and 2012?

A

It fell from 600,000 miners to only 6,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did the coal mining sector decrease?

A

As UK mines became deeper, they became too costly to safely maintain. Cheaper imported coal from Russia + USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Clark Fisher Model Show?

A

Employment over time in different countries at different stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why have primary + secondary sectors decreased in UK?

A
  • Less land available for farming
  • More highly qualified work force
  • Better trade routes so cheaper manufacture elsewhere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is industrialisation?

A

The change from the pre-industrial to industrial stages of the model, involving a growth in the secondary sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name an example of a Newly Industrialised Country

A

Mexico - it has a large + highly skilled workforce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why have many Mexican farmers been made redundant?

A

Farming in Mexico has recently been modernised

Increase outsourcing of resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What proportion of Mexico’s population is employed in primary work?

A

15% of the population is employed in primary work, although it only generates 4% of the countries income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What has caused deindustrialisation is some countries?

A

Competition from countries that can produce manufactured goods at cheaper prices
Automatic machinery reduces number of workers
Reduced demand for traditional products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of a country where deindustrialisation has taken place

A

The UK has focused on the tertiary + quaternary sectors and has relied on LEDCs to provide the manufactured goods they need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why are there more part time workers now than in the past?

A
  • More women in workforce, but parents still need to look after their kids
  • More freedom with jobs + part time work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How have the roles for working women changed?

A
  • More likely to do higher earning jobs than in the past
  • Encouraged to apply for top-level jobs
  • Have the same rights as men (although still may encounter prejudice within the workplace)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How have average wages changed?

A
  • Risen as availability of high earning jobs has increased
  • Not grown as much as cost of living
  • Globalisation has helped people who earn less
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main economic sectors in NE England?

A

Coalmining
Steel
Shipbuilding
Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is secondary, tertiary + quaternary employment like in North East England?

A

Tyneside become important centre for economic research

Nissan car factory opened in 1986 + now employs over 4000 people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the economic sectors in SE England?

A

Health
Education
Transport
Finance

17
Q

Why is South East England more economically advanced?

A
  • Focus of UK’s motorway + rail networks
  • 4 major airports
  • Important ports (e.g. Southampton)
  • Close to power + decision making in London
  • Easy access to rest of EU via channel tunnel
  • Large skilled local labour force
18
Q

What is the Economic Cycle of Decline?

A
  1. Market declines
  2. Industries close
  3. People lose jobs
  4. Less money to spend in local shops / services
  5. Local economy declines
  6. No new investment
19
Q

What is the Economic Cycle of Growth?

A
  1. Government help
  2. New industries encouraged to locate in area
  3. Jobs created
  4. More money to spend in local shops / services
  5. Local economy grows
  6. More people move to region
20
Q

What is deindustrialisation?

A

The decline in industrial activity in a region or an economy

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of deindustrialisation?

A
  • high unemployment levels
  • less money in local economy
  • many empty factory buildings
  • increased social issues (alcoholism etc…)
22
Q

What are the advantages of deindustrialisation?

A
  • areas of land available for development
  • decline in water consumption
  • reduced demand for energy
  • decrease in pollution
23
Q

What is redevelopment?

A

Development that aims to stimulate growth in areas that have experienced decline in the past

24
Q

What is the regeneration of the River Clyde in Glasgow?

A

£3 billion development

Glasgow harbour includes casino, shopping centre, cinema + thousands of homes

25
Q

Give an advantage of the River Clyde Regeneration

A

It has the potential to create 50,000 jobs

26
Q

Give a disadvantage of the River Clyde Regeneration?

A

Money being spent on just one area and other parts of Glasgow are still neglected