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Geography > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What does globalisation mean?

A

The great integration of the global economy

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2
Q

What is the effect of the accelerated globalisation that has taken place in the last 30 years?

A

Jobs + wealth in 1 country dependent on trade + investment from other countries
Countries specialise in certain types of economic activity
Jobs move from high cost to low cost countries

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3
Q

What is the dominant economic sector in the PRE-INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

A

Primary

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4
Q

What is the dominant economic sector in the INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

A

Secondary

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5
Q

What is the dominant economic sector in the POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGE of the Clark Fisher Model?

A

Tertiary

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6
Q

What jobs are included in the PRIMARY sector?

A

Farming, fishing, mining

Jobs which grow or extract raw materials

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7
Q

What jobs are included in the SECONDARY sector?

A

Manufacturing goods in factories and workshops

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8
Q

What jobs are included in the TERTIARY sector?

A

Services such as education, retail, banking, the health service and travel

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9
Q

What are the impacts of moving through the stages of the Clark Fisher Model?

A

An increase in pay + therefore income
Better working conditions
A change from informal to formal jobs

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10
Q

What are the working conditions of a SUBSISTENCE FARMER in ETHIOPIA?

A

Hard, labour intensive farm work
Vulnerable to the weather e.g. floods + drought
Workers lives depend on producing enough food
Children often have to work

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11
Q

What is the expected pay for a SUBSISTENCE FARMER in ETHIOPIA?

A

No pay. Might earn a small amount selling any surplus food produced.

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12
Q

What are the working conditions of a FACTORY WORKER in CHINA?

A

Long hours, repetitive work, lots of overtime
Unions banned so employees have few rights
Most factories only want younger workers (under 30)

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13
Q

What is the expected pay for a FACTORY WORKER in CHINA?

A

Low pay (£1000 - £3000 p/a)

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14
Q

What are the working conditions of a NURSE in the NHS ?

A

Good working conditions
Health and safety regulations
Paid holidays and pensions
Unsociable working hours + high stress environment

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15
Q

What is the expected pay for a NURSE in the NHS?

A

Medium pay (£20,000 - £40,000 p/a)

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16
Q

What are the working conditions of a PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHER in the USA?

A

Very good working conditions

High stress job with TNC demand to develop new products

17
Q

What is the expected pay for a PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCHER in the USA?

A

High pay (£25,000 - £100,000 p/a)

18
Q

What is global shift?

A

The relocation of jobs from one country to another e.g.

manufacturing jobs from developed to developing countries

19
Q

What is the World Trade Organisation?

A

The WTO promotes free trade by persuading countries to reduce or remove trade barriers, like taxes or quotas

20
Q

What is the International Monetary Fund?

A

Gives loans to developing countries for infrastructure and encourages countries to allow foreign investment to create new jobs

21
Q

What are Transnational Corporations?

A

TNCs aim to reduce costs + increase profits by moving factories to cheaper locations. This creates jobs in developing countries

22
Q

What is the impact of globalisation on different groups of people?

A

Most countries have become richer, especially developing
300 million people in China lifted out of poverty
In Africa incomes have not improved much at all

23
Q

What is Foreign Direct Investment?

A

When money from one country is invested in another, for example, to build a new factory

24
Q

How can Foreign Direct Investment have a negative impact on the developed world?

A

A TNC investing in China may be doing this by removing investment (closing a factory) somewhere else like the UK

25
Q

Where does Nike have its headquarters?

A

Oregon, USA

26
Q

What products does Nike produce?

A

They produce and sell a vast range of sports clothing and equipment

27
Q

How many offices and stores do they have worldwide?

A

They have offices in 45 countries and 700 stores worldwide

28
Q

Where are their factories?

A
  • The majority of their products are outsourced and manufactured in Asia, but they also own some factories where their goods are manufactured.
  • The components for their goods are sourced from various different countries around the world.
29
Q

Why has Tesco concentrated worldwide expansion in Europe and Asia?

A

Europe - market close to UK + consumer tastes similar

Asia - market is huge + incomes growing but few global competitors

30
Q

What are the impacts of globalisation worldwide?

A

More gender equality for women
Improved working conditions
More skilled people due to more employment areas
Increased availability of goods + services

31
Q

What are the impacts of globalisation in developed countries?

A

Improvements in wages
Good working condiitons
Increased profit
More flexibility in working location e.g. from home
Some job losses as call centres, factories relocate

32
Q

What are the impacts of globalisation in developing countries?

A

Their products + services available to more people
Improved infrastructure + boost to economy
Wages remain low with continued exploitation of workers + child labour
Few people can afford developed world’s products + services

Geography (10 decks)

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