The Changing Economic World 💹 Flashcards
What is development?
The process in economical growth use of technology and improving welfare
What is Gross national income what is it a measure of and As a country develops it gets?
Total number of goods and values produced by country each year including income from overseas often in US dollars
This is a measure of wealth and as a country develops it gets higher
What Is GNI  her head?
and what is it a measure of and as a country developed but does it get higher lower?
GNI divided by the population is a measure of both and as a country develops it gets higher
What is birthrate?. What is it a measure of an as a country develop what does it get
Live births per thousand of a population every year it’s a measure of education and as a country develops it gets lower
What is the death rate?
what is a measure up and as a country develops does it get higher lower?
Number of deaths per thousand per population it’s a measure of health and as a country develops it gets lower
What is infant mortality rate what is it a measure of and as a country develops what does it get?
Oh baby is that the day before the one years old per thousand per population and it’s a measure of health and it gets lower as a country develops
What is people per doctor ?
what is it a measure of and as a country develops it gets?
People per doctor is how is the average number of people for each doctor is a measure of health and as a country develops it gets lower
Is the literacy rate ?
what is a measure of and as a country is developed it gets?
It’s the amount of adult that can read and write is a measure of education and as a country develops it gets higher
What is access to safe water ?
what is it a measure of it as a country develops it gets?
The percentage of people that have access to clean drinking water it’s a measure of health and as a country develops it gets higher
What is life expectancy what is a measure of as a country develops it gets?
This is the average age a number can expect to live to- The measure of health and as a country develops it gets higher
What is the limitation of using GNI per head
It’s an average so variations within the country doesn’t show up
- For example in Qatar there’s a high population of people that are poor by very small majority that are rich
Social indicators could be misleading because they use on their own as some aspects may develop quicker than others for example-
Cuba has a low birth rate wish me to get to higher rate of education but a very high death rate so it’s not that developed as we think
What is the GNI of a HIC?
GNI is very high for example UK Canada
What is the GNI of an LIC?
Very low examples could be Afghanistan Syria
What is the GNI of newly emerging economy is NEE?
Countries wealth does not stay the same some are rapidly getting richer economy new moves from being based on primary industry to secondary industry
What is the human development index?
It’s when we calculate the income life expectancy and education level in every country zero is the least and one is the most
What is the DTM?
A demographic transition model shows that rates death rate of the population growth
Explain the five stages of the DTM
Stage one is the least developed by far it is high because there’s no use of contraception and there’s lots of infant mortality rates different is also hike this poor healthcare or famine life expectancy is low
0 population rate
Tribes in Brazil
Stage two- is not very developed LICs is its agricultural based and is better healthcare so different falls -very high
Stage three is more developed this is where Birth rates because there is a vibe use of contraception and women are working instead of having children As an improved healthcare- high
Stage four and five at the most developed High living standards and there is a dependent elderly population as it is less money available for children
Healthcare is good
What are the physical factors that may affect a developing country? 4)
Poor climate - Some countries are really hot really dry or really cold which can make it hard to grow crops difficult to malnourishment and droughts leading to a low quality of life
lots of natural disasters- The destruction of homes and manufacturing businesses means that lots of money has to be reinvested for rebuilding this could reduce the quality of life as it reduces the amount of money the government had to spend on development projects
fewer raw material’s- means that countries have fewer products to export to other countries this means that they tend to make less money so they’re unable to spend it on development projects but cannot develop the infrastructure needed to exploit them like roads or ports
poor farming land -If a country has poor soil they cannot produce food which they cannot sell and generate income to develop into developing projects or provide a good quality life for the population

A country is more likely to be at a low-level development if it has? 3)
Poor trade links - If a country has fewer countries to sell their exports to they make less income to reinvest in development projects
lots of debt - More money will be invested in to paying back rather than development
and a company based on primary products-primary products tend to be cheaper than manufactured products made in the secondary industry this means that they will make less profit

What are the two historical causes of uneven development?
Colonisation countries that were colonised have the minerals and raw materials taken away which prevented them from developing once they gained independence
Colonisers were able to develop a veteran countries whereas those who were stolen from were unable to- Africa Asia
Conflict- Soldiers destroying infrastructure and property and education being disrupted and health facilities destroyed increases infant mortality rates and declining literacy rates
What are the three consequences of uneven development?
Wealth
Heath
International migration
Explain how wealth has become a consequence of uneven development
Wealth people have less income and lead to big inequalities within countries
this can impact the standards of living
the rich can afford good services which makes their life more convenient and comfortable
Explain how health has become a consequence of an uneven development
People in LICs have a lower life expectancy this because there is less health facilities available and infant mortality rate is higher
How is international migration a consequence for uneven development?
More people from LICs leave escape their country is to flee away from conflict and improve the quality of life in HICs
and search for better paid jobs and high quality of life
migrant workers and contribute to the economy of HIC instead of the LIC they leave which lead to the increases of development gap 
What are the five strategies that can reduce the development gap
Investment
aid
fair trade
intermediate tech
Micro finance loans
What is investment reducing the development gap?
When A FDI buys a property or invest in infrastructure
this leads to access to finance technology and expertise improving the infrastructure and industry and increasing services of LICs
How can Aid reduce the global development gap? What may happen ?
Providing money or resources for development projects like doing the school would help increase literacy rate and education
but some money is wasted by corrupt government and when
the money runs out projects can stop working if there is enough local knowledge or support
How can fair trade reduce the development gap? What could happen ?
It allows farmers in LIC used to getting a fair price of goods they produce I love them to provide for their families
Farmers receive a premium help in the local area like an instrumental pipeline for clean water in your school
But only small proportions of the extra money reach the producers for the rest boosts the retails profits
How can the use of intermediate technology reduce the development gap?
Simpler to use an affordable to build and cheap to maintain improves quality of life
solar powered LED lightbulbs
Children can study after dark schools in incomes industrial output can increase
