Section B: The Living World 🌁

Question 1

What is the climate like in polar regions?

Answer 1

Below freezing point -40•c

Question 2

What is the climate like in tundra ?

Answer 2

Warm months only reach max of 10•c

Question 3

What is the precipitation like in the tundra and polar regions ?

Answer 3

Low 100mm (less than )

Question 4

How well are seasons defined in the polar and tundra regions?

Answer 4

Well defines cold summers and even colder winters

Question 5

What covers the soil in the polar?

Answer 5

Ice sheets so no soil is exposed

Question 6

What is the tundra soil like?

Answer 6

Thin acidic and infertile

Question 7

What is beneath the thin tundra soil?

Answer 7

Permafrost

Question 8

What is trapped in permafrost in the soil?

Answer 8

Green house gases

Question 9

What plants are fount in the polar regions ?

Answer 9

Mosses - grow on rocks and grasses

Question 10

What plants grow in the tundra ?

Answer 10

Hardy shrubs - grow short in warmer areas

Question 11

What is the polar area mostly?

Answer 11

Uninhabited but has a few scientists doing work

Question 12

Who lives in the tundra?

Answer 12

Indigenous people and oil /gas workers

Question 13

What type of ecosystem is the polar regions ?

Answer 13

Fragile and interdependent - each thing relies on one another

Question 14

What do cold environments cause plants to do? How does it limit plant growth ?

Answer 14

Decompose slowly so plant cover is low meaning there are low nutrients in the soil limiting plant growth

Question 15

What does the low decomposition of plants cause herbivores and carnivores to do ?

Answer 15

The low plant cover mean is that herbivores have to migrate where plants grow quicker

This causes carnivores to follow

Question 16

What do plants do to protect permafrost from melting in the tundra in the summer?

Answer 16

When it’s sunny in the tundra the surface cover of plants absorb the sunlight

preventing the permafrost form thawing and releasing greenhouse gases,

decreasing the rate of climate change and

keeping the plants constant water source

Question 17

How could one knock in effect effect the cold environment?

Answer 17

If humans trample on the surface plants , this may leave some soil exposed to the sun , thawing the permafrost

Greenhouse gasses being released into the atmosphere- climate change

This leads to the soil becoming saturated and being unable to grow plants

Leading to herbivores having to migrate to avoid starvation

Question 18

Give examples of animals in polar regions

Answer 18

Polar bears 🐻‍❄️
penguins 🐧
Reindeer

Question 19

What happens ms to the soil in the tundra on a wet summer?

Answer 19

Soil becomes waterlogged

Question 20

How do plants adapt to the harsh cold environment? 5)

Answer 20

Plants become donate (inactive ) to survive the cold

Plants grow low and are round shaped to be protected form the wind

Plants have shallow roots because of permafrost

Leaves are small to limit amount of water lost during transpiration

Reproduce using underground runners because of short growing season

Question 21

How have animals adapted for the harsh cold environment?

Answer 21

1. Insulated fur - reduces amount of energy needed to keep warm
2. Animal hibernate to conserve energy
3. Animals have white fur to camouflage from predators
4. Adapted on low food sources

Question 22

What level of biodiversity does cold environments have ?

Answer 22

Low

Question 23

What has global warming caused animals in the cold regions to do ?

Answer 23

To live toward the poles where it’s colder and they have adapted for cold environments . Those who have adapted cannot go anywhere so they risk extinction

Question 24

What continent is Alaska part of ?

Answer 24

USA

Question 25

Where is the north of Alaska found ?

Answer 25

In the Artic circle

Question 26

What are the opportunities found in Alaska ? 4)

Answer 26

1. Oil and gas - over half of Alaskas income comes from here . Oil field are found in Prudhoe bay and transported through the trans-Alaskan oil pipe line to be shipped to customers
2. Minerals - gold silver found in Tintina gold belt - $150 mill
3. Fishing 🎣 1.7 bill 30000 fishermen
4. Tourism 2 mill people

Question 27

how does inaccessibility challenge to development in Alaska ?

Answer 27

Inaccessibility- remote mountainous terrain - difficult from people to get to jobs and develop

Have to use air transport

Remote- far from unemployment

Question 28

How does external temperature challenge development in Alaska?

Answer 28

Unsafe to work in

Daylight hours vary

80 days of uninterrupted light
67 - darkness

Question 29

How do buildings and infrastructure effect development in Alaska ? How can we overcome this ?

Answer 29

Building having to cope with hard then soft ground is difficult and expensive

Most construction can only take place in summer when it’s warmer and brighter

Value of resources gives enough funds to invest in gravel beds and stilts for the trans-Alaskan pipe line to stop the melting of permafrost- less unstable ground

Question 30

What is the climate in a tropical forest 🌳?

Answer 30

It’s the same all year round there is no define seasons

it’s hot between 20 and 28°C

Question 31

Why is the tropical rainforest in warm?

Answer 31

The Sun’s energy is more intense near the equator as its overhead all around

Question 32

What’s the rainfall like in the rainforest?

Answer 32

It’s high it rains every day and it’s 2000 mm

Question 33

What are plants like in the rainforest?

Answer 33

The Evergreen mean they keep their leads all year round this allows them to take advantage of the continuous growing season

Trees are too and visitation is very dense because very little light reaches the floor

there’s lots of epiphytes (which are plants 🌱 that grow on other plants to take its nutrients and water from the air) like orchards

Question 34

What is the soil like in the rainforest?

Answer 34

Not very fertile as heavy rain for washes the nutrients away

surface nutrients occur when small the one leaves fall onto the ground and delay

the layer is very thin and Decay is fast in warm and moist conditions

Question 35

What kind of animals are found in the rainforest?

Answer 35

A has the largest biodiversity in the world and consist of
frogs 🐸
Jaguars 🐆
anacondas 🐍

Question 36

What people live in the rainforest and what do they do?

Answer 36

The indigenous people live there and they hunt

and gathering nuts and berries and grow vegetables in small garden plots

Question 37

What is biodiversity?

Answer 37

A variety of organisms living in a certain area both plants and animals

Question 38

What kind of environments are rainforests? why?

Answer 38

Stable and productive

as it’s hot and wet all the time

and animals don’t have to change with conditions because there’s plenty to eat

Question 39

What have organisms in rainforests evolved to do?

Answer 39

to depend less and fewer species as they are specific to a particular habitat or food

Question 40

What kind of ecosystem is the rainforest?

Answer 40

Interdependent meaning that everything is dependent on each other and if one of them gets affected everything else gets affected

Question 41

Give an example of an interdependent relationship in the rainforest

Answer 41

The woman wet climates fungi bacteria on the first floor to decompose the plant material up of it does make the surface soil more fertile meaning that plants can go easily

Plants pass on their nutrients to animals when they are eaten the dense vegetation provides lots of food so animal populations are high when animals die their nutrients are transferred back into the soil making it richer encouraging lots of vegetation this is part of the nutrient cycle



Question 42

Explain the symbiotic relationships in the rainforest

Answer 42

The agouti rat is the only rid of that can crack open a nut and bury the seed inside

this insures that plants are grown enabling more animals to eat and reproduce increasing the biodiversity in

the rainforest and giving nut pickers more jobs

Question 43

Explain the symbiotic relationship between cecropia trees and ants

Answer 43

have hollow stems to produce energy rich food stuff and the base of the leaves this makes ants want to live under

which relies on the food and shelter answer them fight off insects that feed of the tree

and attacked lianas which compete with the cecropia for sunlight

Question 44

How are humans interfering with ecosystems in the rainforest?

Answer 44

Trees intercept water and release it back into the atmosphere allowing clouds to form and give rain water for plants to grow

however deforestation decreases this chance and May lead to drought

also decreases the coverage of the surface nutrients washing away the nutrients decreasing the fertility of the soil

Question 45

How long is River Clyde?

Answer 45

160km - Flows through Scotland

Question 46

What is River Clyde’s mouth?

Answer 46

An estuary