The Challenges of an Urban World Flashcards
How has the number of people living in an urban area changed from 1950 to now and what changes are expected to happen by 2030
1950- 29% of the world lived in an urban area
2007-49%
2030-60%
State the two reasons that explain why more people living in cities
Rural- Urban migration
internal growth
What is rural urban migration?
When people in the rural areas migrate to cities to seek better jobs and Oppurtunities leading to urban population growth
What is internal growth
When the population rises due to higher birthrate in the city
What are the pull factors of cities
Better healthcare
higher income
more entertainment
better education
What are the push factors of rural areas
Poverty
lack of farmland
tough physical labour
a lack of services such as hospitals and education
What is counter urbanisation and where is it is taking place
In Europe and North America people migrate out of the cities to live in rural areas
perhaps due to less pollution and beautiful landscapes they often commute to work in the city
this is why urbanisation has slowed here
What is a mega city
A city with more than 10 million people as habitants
How many megacities are in the developed world and how many in the developing world
There are 7 megacities in the developED world
There are 20 megacities in the developing world
State two differences between the jobs and economy in one developed world mega city and one developing world megacity
Mexico City- many people have informal jobs and the manufacturing industry makes up 15% of the jobs here compared to New York City where this sector makes up 3%.
New York City is a global financial centre and is dominated by highly paid jobs in finance and business with this job is taking up 30% while in Mexico City finance and business is only about 15%
What is urbanisation?
The movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities
What is the LEDC and MEDC models city growth?
Hoyt-LEDC
Burgess-MEDC
Name 3 urban changes in London
High Eco footprint,
Waste,
Increased resource consumption
Name 3 challenges of living in the developing world
Slums,
informal economy,
air pollution
What is Eco-footprint
It measures the amount of land required to support ones lifestyle in terms of their: food waste,water and energy needs
What factors increase Eco-footprint between developed and developing countries?
Wealthier countries have a higher eco footprint because people have more money& consume more resources
High car ownership especially in sprawling cities e.g Dubai Atlanta
Industrialised cities e.g São Paulo
How is London reducing its Eco-footprint?
One of the largest contributors to high eco footprint in London is transport so trying to create more sustainable transport and sustainable housing (zed housing)
Describe ways in which London is trying to make its transport more sustainable
Hybrid buses- give out half pollution of regular buses current only 1000 in London
Electric cars- less tax for those with electric cars but very expensive to buy one.
Boris bikes- introduced in 2010 and is expensive and doesn’t make profit.
State ways in which London is trying to make its transport more sustainable
Hybrid buses
Boris bikes
Electric cars
How are residents in Rochina using self- help systems to improve their quality of life
Rocinha is a slum and they’ve upgraded the wooden shacks to brick so their houses are more stable and now have water and electricity
