The Challenges of an Urban World

Question 1

How has the number of people living in an urban area changed from 1950 to now and what changes are expected to happen by 2030

Answer 1

1950- 29% of the world lived in an urban area

2007-49%

2030-60%

Question 2

State the two reasons that explain why more people living in cities

Answer 2

Rural- Urban migration

internal growth

Question 3

What is rural urban migration?

Answer 3

When people in the rural areas migrate to cities to seek better jobs and Oppurtunities leading to urban population growth

Question 4

What is internal growth

Answer 4

When the population rises due to higher birthrate in the city

Question 5

What are the pull factors of cities

Answer 5

Better healthcare
higher income
more entertainment
better education

Question 6

What are the push factors of rural areas

Answer 6

Poverty
lack of farmland
tough physical labour
a lack of services such as hospitals and education

Question 7

What is counter urbanisation and where is it is taking place

Answer 7

In Europe and North America people migrate out of the cities to live in rural areas
perhaps due to less pollution and beautiful landscapes they often commute to work in the city

this is why urbanisation has slowed here

Question 8

What is a mega city

Answer 8

A city with more than 10 million people as habitants

Question 9

How many megacities are in the developed world and how many in the developing world

Answer 9

There are 7 megacities in the developED world

There are 20 megacities in the developing world

Question 10

State two differences between the jobs and economy in one developed world mega city and one developing world megacity

Answer 10

Mexico City- many people have informal jobs and the manufacturing industry makes up 15% of the jobs here compared to New York City where this sector makes up 3%.

New York City is a global financial centre and is dominated by highly paid jobs in finance and business with this job is taking up 30% while in Mexico City finance and business is only about 15%

Question 11

What is urbanisation?

Answer 11

The movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities

Question 12

What is the LEDC and MEDC models city growth?

Answer 12

Hoyt-LEDC

Burgess-MEDC

Question 13

Name 3 urban changes in London

Answer 13

High Eco footprint,
Waste,
Increased resource consumption

Question 14

Name 3 challenges of living in the developing world

Answer 14

Slums,
informal economy,
air pollution

Question 15

What is Eco-footprint

Answer 15

It measures the amount of land required to support ones lifestyle in terms of their: food waste,water and energy needs

Question 16

What factors increase Eco-footprint between developed and developing countries?

Answer 16

Wealthier countries have a higher eco footprint because people have more money& consume more resources

High car ownership especially in sprawling cities e.g Dubai Atlanta

Industrialised cities e.g São Paulo

Question 17

How is London reducing its Eco-footprint?

Answer 17

One of the largest contributors to high eco footprint in London is transport so trying to create more sustainable transport and sustainable housing (zed housing)

Question 18

Describe ways in which London is trying to make its transport more sustainable

Answer 18

Hybrid buses- give out half pollution of regular buses current only 1000 in London

Electric cars- less tax for those with electric cars but very expensive to buy one.
Boris bikes- introduced in 2010 and is expensive and doesn’t make profit.

Question 19

State ways in which London is trying to make its transport more sustainable

Answer 19

Hybrid buses

Boris bikes

Electric cars

Question 20

How are residents in Rochina using self- help systems to improve their quality of life

Answer 20

Rocinha is a slum and they’ve upgraded the wooden shacks to brick so their houses are more stable and now have water and electricity