Population Dynamics Flashcards
State why some countries want to manage their population?
Pressure on resources (housing&foods)
Unemployment (not enough jobs)
Why may some countries want to avoid underpopulation?
Resources may go to waste and be exploited
It’s difficult to provide resources as there aren’t many people to work
What is a pro- Natalist policy and give an example of a country that uses it
A policy that encourage its population to reproduce to cause population growth.
Eg Sinapore
What is a Anti-Natalist policy and give an example of a country that uses it
Policies that try to limit reproduction to prevent population growth
Eg China
Explore China’s one child policy
Their ‘One Child Policy’ was introduced to combat it’s fast growing population, in 1979.
Couples who had more than one child were penalised
Couples with only one child were given a ‘one-child certificate ‘ which gave people benefits such as better health care
State the differences between a named developed country and a named developing country in terms of their polpulation structure, also what stage of the demographic transition are they in?
Indonesia (LEDC)- Has a youthful population, high birth rate from lack of contraception options and knowledge.
High death rate and low life expectancy from (bad healthcare)
Stage 2
UK (MEDC) - Has an ageing population as it has high life expectancy due to good healthcare as modern medicine is keeping the elderly alive longer
But low birth rate due to many contraception methods and education taught in schools means the youth are erodingsqaqqqq
How successful has ‘China’s One Child Policy’ been
Birth rate fell from 34 per 1000 in 1970 to 13 per 1000 in 2008
Annual population growth rate fell from 2.4% to you 0.6%
Even so the total population has grown from 996 million in 19 80 to 1350 million today
It has been more effective in urban areas then rural countryside, as in cities it’s difficult to find housing for a family of three and it’s more expensive to raise a child their
In the countryside there is always the need for an extra pair of hands to help the family farm
What are some unwanted effects of China’s One Child Policy’ ?
Chinese prefer sons ,some couples have decided to have sex selective abortion , now there are more males than females below the age 45 years there are now 120 males to every 1 hundred females.
Parents spoil their one boy child and this results to them being abuse and demanding they are referred to as ‘little emperors ‘
because of the increasing shortage of women of marrying age bride kidnapping has become common in the rural areas and
prostitution has increased in the cities
Explore Sinapore’s ‘Have three or more’ policy
Due to Sinapore’s now ageing underpopulated country in 1986 the brought in the ‘Have three or more’ policy
Sinapore offer tax rebates (pay tax back) for the third child and following children
Cheap nurseries
Preferential access to the best schools
Spacious apartments
Pregnant women are offered special can’t today and to discourage abortions of convenience or sterilisation after the birth of one or two children
Why do you some countries wanted to reduce migration but others wish to increase it?
If the number of people emigrating from a country exceeds the number of people immigrating to the country this could cause under population which would lead to you wastage of resources and not enough people in jobs and paying taxes
If the number of people emigrating to the country exceeds the number of people emigrating for a country this could data over population which means unemployment and housing shortages
What is the open door policy?
Where the government of a country encourages immigrants to come into the country and makes access easier for them.
Give an example of when a country used the open door policy
Post-World War II the UK in courage to immigration in an act of parliament which gave all Commonwealth citizens free entry into the UK this caused many immigrants to come from the Caribbean and Indian Empire (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh )
What were the results of Britains ‘Open-door policy’ in 1948?
During the 50s and 60s over a quarter of 1 million immigrants came from the Caribbean roughly the same number came from the Indian Empire
1971 there were over 1 million immigrants from Commonwealth countries the new settlers took up jobs
Many worked in textile factories and still works many drive buses of worked on railways
What is the ‘Close door policy’
The UK had enough labours by the 1970s and controls when introduced to reduce the migrant arrivals
What were the positive ECONOMIC impacts of post war immigration
It met the shortage of unskilled and semi skilled labour
It played an important part in the post war reconstruction of the country
What were the negative impacts of ECONOMIC post war immigration
Money from the government had to be spent on meeting the every day needs of immigrants and their families such as : housing schooling and healthcare
When the economy went into recession in the 1970s these immigrants added to the burden of unemployment as they were taking jobs
What were the negative social impacts of the post war immigration
The immigration created great tensions as the UK was not used to having sizable numbers of ethnic groups in its population.
They were discriminated against and abused, i’m agreements became segregated to phone ghettos in areas of rundown housing in the in the areas of towns and cities to avoid being victimised by white neighbours
What were the positive social impacts of the post war immigration
Ethnic groups add to the countries skill base and culture
Offspring of the original immigrants now have a well paid and responsible jobs there is not complete harmony however it is much better than it was 40 years ago
Explain the U.K.’s decision to reopen the door
In 2004 East European countries joined the EU
this has allowed them easier access to work in the UK they are economic migrants
they tend to stay only until they feel they have enough money to take home
What are the push factors for East European workers to come to the UK
UnEmployment
Low wages
poverty
poor quality of life
What are the pull factors for East European workers to come to the UK
Skill shortages
higher wages
job vacancies
What are the issues that East European workers who come to the UK have to face?
Being accused of ‘Stealing UK Jobs’
‘Milking UK benefits’ people accuse immigrants of taking advantage of our state benefits system when less than 5% of them receive state benefits
Taking low-paid jobs
Abuse and exploitations
Confusion with illegal immigrants
What are skill tests
If you wish to come to the UK to work and settle down you have to go see at the points based system which was introduced in 2008 so businesses can you recruit the skills they need from abroad
Define Tipping Point
The point at which the speed of change becomes unstoppable
