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Nervous System > The Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

The Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

which part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory?

A

posterior part

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2
Q

which part of the cerebral hemisphere is motor?

A

anterior part

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3
Q

what is the role of the medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

storage and retrieval of processed information

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4
Q

what is the medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere called?

A

limbic system

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5
Q

what is precentral gyrus- area 4?

A

site of the primary motor cortex

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6
Q

what part of the body does the primary motor cortex represent?

A

contralateral half of body

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7
Q

what does the Inferior frontal gyrus contain?

A

Broca’s area of motor speech

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8
Q

what is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning

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9
Q

what is within the post-central gyrus?

A

Primary sensory area

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10
Q

what is the role of the Primary sensory area?

A

Recieves general sensations from contralateral half of body. Somatotopic representation

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11
Q

what is the role of the Superior parietal lobule?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

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12
Q

what is the role of the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas

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13
Q

in dominant hemisphere what does the inferior parietal lobule contribute to?

A

contributes to language functions

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14
Q

what can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?

A

Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia

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15
Q

what does the Superior Temporal gyrus contain?

A

Primary auditory cortex

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16
Q

where are auditory association areas?

A

posterior to 41,42. In dominant hemisphere – Wernicke’s area

17
Q

what are the roles of auditory association areas ?

A

understanding of spoken word. Has connections with other language areas.

18
Q

what is the role of inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

A

receives fibres from olfactory tract – conscious appreciation of smell.

19
Q

where is the primary visual cortex?

A

On the medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus

20
Q

what is the role of the visual association cortex?

A

concerned with interpretation of visual images (occipital lobe)

21
Q

what is the functional limbic lobe involved in?

A

memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

22
Q

what is aphasia?

A

problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain

23
Q

describe the language problems associated with broca’s aphasia?

A

Understands speech Misses small words Aware of difficulties in speech
Damage to frontal lobe
Weakness/paralysis of one side of body

24
Q

describe the language problems associated with wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent speech, with new meaningless words, can’t understand speech, doesn’t know of mistakes
Damage to temporal lobe
No paralysis

25
Q

what are commisural fibres?

A

connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

26
Q

what are Association fibres?

A

connect one part of the cortex with the other. They may be short or long

27
Q

what are Projection fibres?

A

run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres

28
Q

what is 3D cerebral tractography?

A

3D modelling technique that maps functional white matter tracts using MRI

29
Q

what is the internal capsule?

A

made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex

30
Q

what is the basal ganglia?

A

Subcortical nuclei (collection of neuronal cell bodies – grey matter) deep within each cererbal hemisphere.

31
Q

what makes up the basal ganglia?

A

caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

32
Q

describe the shape of the caudate nucleus

A

nucleus starts as a large head medial to the internal capsule, a body and a slender curving tail which follows the curve of the lateral ventricle.

33
Q

in relation to the internal capsule how does the putamen and globus pallidus lie?

A

putamen laterally and globus pallidus medially

34
Q

what is the lentiform nucleus made up of?

A

putamen and globus pallidus

35
Q

what are the input regions?

A

caudate nucleus and the putamen

36
Q

what are the output regions?

A

globus pallidus and the substantia nigra

37
Q

what does the basal ganglia do?

A

regulate initiation and termination of movements

38
Q

what is the basal ganglia often referred to?

A

extrapyramidal system

Nervous System (37 decks)

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