The Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards
which part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory?
posterior part
which part of the cerebral hemisphere is motor?
anterior part
what is the role of the medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere?
storage and retrieval of processed information
what is the medial portions of the cerebral hemisphere called?
limbic system
what is precentral gyrus- area 4?
site of the primary motor cortex
what part of the body does the primary motor cortex represent?
contralateral half of body
what does the Inferior frontal gyrus contain?
Broca’s area of motor speech
what is the role of the prefrontal cortex?
cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning
what is within the post-central gyrus?
Primary sensory area
what is the role of the Primary sensory area?
Recieves general sensations from contralateral half of body. Somatotopic representation
what is the role of the Superior parietal lobule?
Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body
what is the role of the inferior parietal lobule?
Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas
in dominant hemisphere what does the inferior parietal lobule contribute to?
contributes to language functions
what can a parietal lobe lesion lead to?
Hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia
what does the Superior Temporal gyrus contain?
Primary auditory cortex
where are auditory association areas?
posterior to 41,42. In dominant hemisphere – Wernicke’s area
what are the roles of auditory association areas ?
understanding of spoken word. Has connections with other language areas.
what is the role of inferior surface of the temporal lobe?
receives fibres from olfactory tract – conscious appreciation of smell.
where is the primary visual cortex?
On the medial surface of the occipital lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus
what is the role of the visual association cortex?
concerned with interpretation of visual images (occipital lobe)
what is the functional limbic lobe involved in?
memory and emotional aspects of behaviour
what is aphasia?
problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain
describe the language problems associated with broca’s aphasia?
Understands speech Misses small words Aware of difficulties in speech
Damage to frontal lobe
Weakness/paralysis of one side of body
describe the language problems associated with wernicke’s aphasia?
Fluent speech, with new meaningless words, can’t understand speech, doesn’t know of mistakes
Damage to temporal lobe
No paralysis
what are commisural fibres?
connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres
what are Association fibres?
connect one part of the cortex with the other. They may be short or long
what are Projection fibres?
run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
what is 3D cerebral tractography?
3D modelling technique that maps functional white matter tracts using MRI
what is the internal capsule?
made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex
what is the basal ganglia?
Subcortical nuclei (collection of neuronal cell bodies – grey matter) deep within each cererbal hemisphere.
what makes up the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
describe the shape of the caudate nucleus
nucleus starts as a large head medial to the internal capsule, a body and a slender curving tail which follows the curve of the lateral ventricle.
in relation to the internal capsule how does the putamen and globus pallidus lie?
putamen laterally and globus pallidus medially
what is the lentiform nucleus made up of?
putamen and globus pallidus
what are the input regions?
caudate nucleus and the putamen
what are the output regions?
globus pallidus and the substantia nigra
what does the basal ganglia do?
regulate initiation and termination of movements
what is the basal ganglia often referred to?
extrapyramidal system
