The Central Dogma

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Genetic information arranged on chromosomes organized into genes

Question 2

Constituitive Genes

Answer 2

+Transcriptionally controlled
+ Always expressed
+ Housekeeping genes provide basic cellular function
+ Occur in most cell types

Question 3

Regulated or Inducible Genes

Answer 3

\+ Transcriptionally controlled
\+ Expression turned on/off
\+ Cell-specific functions 
\+ Development signals 
\+ Environmental stimuli

Question 4

Epigenetic Regulation

Answer 4

+ DNA modifications that affect gene expression
+ Histone modifications
+ Passed on to next generation in some cases

Question 5

Replication

Answer 5

+ Duplication of genome in preparation for cell division

+ Enzymatic polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into DNA bases on DNA sequence

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

+ Enzymatic polymerization of ribonucleotides into RNA based on DNA sequence of gene

Question 7

Translation

Answer 7

+ Enzymatic polymerization of amino acids into a protein based on RNA sequence

Question 8

Purines (Pu, P)

Answer 8

+ Adenine and Guanine
+ 9 member dicyclic ring
+ Nitrogenous base

Question 9

Pyrimidines (Py, Y)

Answer 9

\+ Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil 
\+ 6 member ring 
\+ Nitrogenous base
\+ Uracil only with ribose 
\+ Thymine only with deoxyribose

Question 10

Nucleotides

Answer 10

Base + Sugar + Phosphate

Question 11

Nucleosides

Answer 11

Base + Sugar

Question 12

N (nucleoside)

Answer 12

Base + Ribose

Question 13

dN (nucleoside)

Answer 13

Base + 2-Deoxyribose

Question 14

NMP (nucleotide)

Answer 14

Base + Ribose + Pi

Question 15

dNMP (nucleotide)

Answer 15

Base + 2-Deoxyribose + Pi