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Plant Biotechnology > Plant Biotechnology Methods > Flashcards

Plant Biotechnology Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Organism containing foreign DNA

A

Transgenic

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2
Q

Process of inserting DNA into genome of cells

A

Transformation

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3
Q

Use of isotope type: 3H

A

Most biological molecules

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4
Q

Use of isotope type: 14C

A

Most biological molecules

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5
Q

Use of isotope type: 35S

A

Proteins

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6
Q

Use of isotope type: 32P

A

Nucleic acids, Phosphoproteins

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7
Q

Beta particle detector: Meter that counts current pulses and calculates rate (cps or cpm); typically used to survey for workplace contamination

A

Geiger-Mueller Detector

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8
Q

Beta particle detector: radioactive particles or photons produce series of excited states in fluor, output of fluor proportional to energy of interacting particle or photon

A

Liquid scintillation counter (LSC)

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9
Q

Small dsDNA with internal RE site, blunt-end ligated to cDNA, RE digestion of linker for insertion into vector

A

Linkers

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10
Q

Linkers with preformed sticky ends

A

Adapters

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11
Q

Fragment of DNA complementary to Gene of Interest

A

Gene probe

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12
Q

Gene you have and want to see what interacts with it

A

Bait

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13
Q

Protein that interacts with bait

A

Prey

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14
Q

Homologous genes from another organism

A

Heterologous probes

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15
Q

Requires knowledge of DNA or protein sequence

A

Synthetic DNA probes

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16
Q

Requires knowledge of DNA sequence to design PCR primers

A

PCR

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17
Q

Which method of DNA labeling involves Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase?

A

Random primer labeling

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18
Q

A large protein fragment that is produced when DNAP1 from E. Coli is enzymatically cleaved, has lost 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity

A

Klenow fragment

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19
Q

Which method of DNA labeling involves DNAP1 and labeled dNTPs ?

A

Nick translation labeling

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20
Q

Which method of DNA labeling involves attaching a reporter enzyme to DNA ?

A

Non-radioactive direct labeling

21
Q

Which method of DNA labeling involves specific binding proteins, nucleotides, and a reporter enzyme?

A

Non-radioactive indirect labeling

22
Q

Blotting technique used for DNA

A

Southern blotting

23
Q

Blotting technique used for RNA

A

Northern blotting

24
Q

Which cloning method of antibodies involves forming hydridomas ?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

25
Q

Which cloning method of antibodies involves drawing blood from the host and recovering the serum ?

A

Polyclonal antibodies

26
Q

A good primer for PCR is typically how long?

A

20-30 bp

27
Q

Maintain and propagate cloned DNA

A

Cloning vectors

28
Q

Four different types of vectors

A

Plasmid, Phage, Cosmid, Artificial chromosome

29
Q

Extrachromosomal DNA in bacterial cells; carries genes for antibiotic resistance, conjugation, and metabolism of unusual substrates

A

Plasmid

30
Q

ORI that replicates with cell cycle

A

Stringent ORI

31
Q

ORI that replicates faster than cell cycle

A

Relaxed ORI

32
Q

Hybrids of phage lambda and plasmids; infects cell like a phage, replicates like a plasmid

A

Cosmid

33
Q

Large insert capacity cloning vectors

A

Artificial chromosome

34
Q

Linear molecule, inserted into SUP4 (suppressor tRNA marker)

A

Yeast artificial chromosome

35
Q

DNA sequence with regulatory elements to get desired expression in the transformed plants

A

Expression cassette

36
Q

What are the components of an expression cassette ?

A

Gene of interest, promoter, protein localization signal (if necessary), 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR sequences, and a selectable marker

37
Q

What are the ways of obtaining a gene of interest ?

A

Genomic library screens, cDNA library screens, PCR, gift from someone who has gene

38
Q

What is the most commonly used constitutive primer?

A

35S Cauliflower Mosaic Virus promoter

39
Q

What is a chimeric promoter?

A

cis element from plant inducible genes + 35S promoter

40
Q

What are the 5 components of MS medium?

A

Major inorganic nutrients, minor inorganic nutrients, iron source, organic supplement, and carbon source

41
Q

Required specifically for root growth, more than one compound can behave like this one, also required for callus culture, somatic embryo induction, and plantlet regeneration

A

Auxin

42
Q

Required specifically for sheath growth, promotes cell division, also required for callus culture, sometimes somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration

A

Cytokinins

43
Q

Large class of compounds of related structures, GA3 sometimes used to promote growth

A

Gibberellins

44
Q

Used to promote distinct developmental pathways

A

Abscisic acid

45
Q

Unorganized growing and dividing mass of cells

A

Callus

46
Q

Densely aggregated callus

A

Compact

47
Q

Loosely associated, easily broke apart callus

A

Friable

48
Q

Plant cells with cell walls removed

A

Protoplast

Plant Biotechnology (8 decks)

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