Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

12U Bio > The Cell Theory > Flashcards

The Cell Theory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe Robert Hooke’s contributions with regards to cell theory

A

In 1665 he used the word “cell” to describe the honeycomb structures he observed while viewing a thin slice of cork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe Anton von Leeuenhoek’s contributions with regards to cell theory

A

In 1674 he looked at living blood cells, bacteria, and single-celled organisms in a drop of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Robert Brown’s contributions with regards to cell theory

A

In 1820 he discovered a dark tiny sphere in plants which he later called the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Schwann and Schleiden’s contributions with regards to cell theory

A

Concluded that plant and animal tissues are made of units called cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Rudolph Virchow’s contributions with regards to cell theory

A

In 1858 he theorized that all cells come from preexisting cells due to Louis Pasteur’s work with microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe cell theory

A
  1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the smallest entity that retains the properties of life
  3. New cells arise only from cells that already exist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structure of the cell membrane

A

Made of a phospholipid bilayer, the outermost boundary of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the function of the cell membrane

A

Semi-permeable membrane, allows controlled movement of materials in and out of the cell. Contain receptor sites to identify the cell and function of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of the protoplasm

A

The entire contents of the cell; nucleus, cytoplasm, and all organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleus

A

Dark tiny sphere found inside the cell surrounded by a nuclear membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A

Control centre of the cell, directs all of the cell’s activities, holds the genetic material DNA, nuclear membrane contains pores that lows for the movement of RNA and other chemicals to pass through the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the structure of prokaryotic cells

A

Simple single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaebacteria (less developed extremophiles, precursors to bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the function of prokaryotic cells

A

Does not have a membrane-bound nucleus (not a true nucleus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cell does not contain a membrane-bound nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure of eukaryotic cells

A

Part of larger, complex species. Kingdoms: animalia, protista, plantae, fundi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the function of eukaryotic cells

A

Contains a membrane-bound nucleus, much larger than prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the structure of chromosomes

A

Found within the nucleus, in a compact shape during mitosis, in a stringy form called chromatin otherwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the function of chromosomes

A

Long, threadlike structures that contain the genetic information, made of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the structure of genes

A

Sections of chromosomes, lots of non-coding genes exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the function of genes

A

Contain two sets of genetic information that regulate the production of all proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe DNA

A

Made up of nucleotides (ribose, nitrogen base, phosphate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the function of DNA

A

Every nucleus is composed of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the structure of the nucleolus

A

Dark sphere found within the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the function of the nucleolus

A

Makes RNA which is responsible for making ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm

A

Cell content outside of the nucleus, jello-like substance, composed of 70% water (same as the Earth)

26
Q

Describe the function of the cytoplasm

A

Many of the cells chemical activities occur here, absorbed nutrients are transported and processed here, wastes are stored here until they are properly excreted

27
Q

Describe the structure of the flagella and cilia

A

Found on the cell membrane and used for locomotion

28
Q

Describe the function of flagella and cilia

A

Flagella are whiplike tails that move cells in a corkscrew motion (sperm cells). Cilia are tiny hairs that move in a coordinated fashion

29
Q

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

A

Oval-shaped, reproduce by binary fission, contain their unique fluids and proteins, replicate themselves, double-membrane, endosymbiotic theory applies here, DNA is passed down the maternal line of mitochondria

30
Q

Describe the function of the mitochondria

A

Power plant of the cell, cellular respiration occurs here to produce ATP, inner membrane contains folds called cristae which are the major site for cellular respiration, contain their own DNA and are self-replicating

31
Q

Describe the endosymbiotic theory

A

Mitochondria were once a separate entity before the formation of a mutual symbiotic relationship with our cells. This explains why they replicate themselves through binary fission and contain their unique fluids and proteins

32
Q

Describe the structure of the ribosomes

A

Tiny spheres found inside the cytoplasm or near the endosplasmic reticulum

33
Q

Describe the function of ribosomes

A

Help to synthesize proteins, are the smallest organelles found in the cytoplasm

34
Q

Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Long, interconnected canals, smooth ER have no ribosomes attached to their membranes, rough ER contains ribosomes

35
Q

Describe the function of the ribosomes

A

Highway of the cell, normally found close to the nucleus, used for transportation of other nutrients throughout the cell

36
Q

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

A

Flattened/layered sacs

37
Q

Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Stores, modifies, and packages proteins from the rough ER, membranous sacs piled on top of each other, modified proteins are then pinched off from the Golgi into vesicles with then fuse with the cell membranes and excrete their contents in a process called exocytosis

38
Q

Describe the structure of lysosomes

A

Membrane-bound vesicles formed by the Golgi

39
Q

Describe the function of lysosomes

A

Contain enzymes that help digest materials in the cells, only found in animal cells, also used to destroy harmful substances that enter cells, and to destroy damaged or worn-out cells (Kamikazes)

40
Q

Describe the structure of microfilaments and microtubules

A

Microfilamentss are long pipelike structures. Microtubules are tiny tubelike fibres

41
Q

Describe the function of microfilaments and microtubules

A

Microfilaments are found in the cytoplasm and used to give the cell shape and movement. Microtubules help to transport materials throughout the cytoplasm. Cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules

42
Q

Describe the structure of peroxisomes

A

Similar in structure to lysosomes (vesicles)

43
Q

Describe the function of peroxisomes

A

Breaks down long fatty chains, detoxifies alcohol, found in the liver, kidney, and brain

44
Q

What are the specialized structures of plants?

A

Plastids, chloroplasts, large central vacuole, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, cell wall

45
Q

Describe the structure of plastids

A

Vesicles that contain food and colour pigments

46
Q

Describe the function of plastids

A

Chemical factories and storehouses for the reproduction of sugars, starch, and some pigments

47
Q

Describe the structure of chloroplasts

A

Green plastid, also adheres to endosymbiotic theory

48
Q

Describe the function of chloroplasts

A

Contain the pigment chlorophyll and is the major site of photosynthesis, contains their own DNA and are self-replicating

49
Q

Describe the structure of the large central vacuole

A

Huge vacuole that takes up most of the cell

50
Q

Describe the function of the large central vacuole

A

Large fluid-filled compartment that stores sugars, minerals, proteins, and water, and maintain turgor pressure (support)

51
Q

Describe the structure of chromoplasts

A

Yellow/orange plastid

52
Q

Describe the function of chromoplasts

A

Store orange and yellow pigments found in flowers and fruits

53
Q

Describe the structure of amyloplasts

A

Colourless plastid

54
Q

Describe the function of amyloplasts

A

Storehouse for starch, many are found in seeds and potatoes

55
Q

Describe the structure of the cell wall

A

Found outside of the cell membrane

56
Q

Describe the function of the cell wall

A

Made of the polysaccharide cellulose, used to protest and support the plant, may have a primary or secondary cell wall

57
Q

Fully label a complex animal cell diagram

A
58
Q

Fully label a complex plant cell diagram

A
59
Q

What makes up most of the cell membrane bilayer?

A

Phospholipid’s duality of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties

60
Q

Fully label a complex diagram of the cell membrane

A
61
Q

Describe the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane bilayer

A

Embedded in the bilayer to help keep the membrane together when the cell is heated, and keeps the cell from becoming too rigid when in cold conditions

12U Bio (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions