Glycolysis

Question 1

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 1

In the cytoplasm of eukaryotes in ALL cells

Question 2

What is the net yield of glycolysis?

Answer 2

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Describe the efficiency of glycolysis

Answer 3

For every molecule of ATP there is a potential energy of 31 kJ/mol. Since 2 ATP molecules are made during glycolysis is approximately 2.2% efficient

Question 4

Give the efficiency calculation of glycolysis

Answer 4

2 (31 kJ/mol) ATP x 100 = 2.2%
————————
2870 kJ/mol glucose

Question 5

In which steps of glycolysis is ATP invested?

Answer 5

Glucose (1), fructose 6-phosphate (3)

Question 6

In which steps of glycolysis is ATP harvested?

Answer 6

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (7), phosphoenolpyruvate (10)

Question 7

Describe all steps of glycolysis

Answer 7

1. ATP phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)
2. G6P rearranged to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P)
3. ATP phosphorylates F6P to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate (F1, 6-BP)
4. F1, 6-BP is split into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
5. DHAP is converted into G3P, resulting in two G3P molecules
6. Two G3P are converted to two 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) molecules. Hydrogen atoms reduce NAD+ to NADH
7. BPG is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). A high energy phosphate group on BPG phosphorylates ADP to ATP
8. 3PG is rearranged to 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG)
9. 2PG is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by removal of a water molecule
10. PEP is converted to pyruvate. A high energy phosphate group on PEP phosphorylates ADP to ATP

Question 8

Draw a diagram of glycolysis

Question 9

How is ATP generated in glycolysis?

Answer 9

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 10

Describe glycolysis

Answer 10

Ten-step anaerobic enzyme-controlled reaction in which six-carbon glucose molecules are cleaved into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules