The Cell- The Structure, Duties and Transport

Question 1

The basic unit of structure and function.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

encloses cell contents and has receptors for communication.

Answer 2

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 3

Composed of phospholipid bilayer with proteins interspersed

Answer 3

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 4

Phospholipid molecule consists of hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Answer 4

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 5

External glycocalyx (carbohydrate) for cell-to-cell recognition, adhesion

Answer 5

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 6

Glycolipids are lipids with attached carbohydrates (marker cell recognition)

Answer 6

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 7

Glycoproteins are proteins with attached carbohydrate (help bind cells together)

Answer 7

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 8

Cholesterol strengthens membrane at temperature extremes

Answer 8

Cell/ Plasma Membrane

Question 9

Transports substances across membrane

Answer 9

Functions of Plasma proteins

Question 10

Intercellular connection and communication

Answer 10

Functions of Plasma proteins

Question 11

Anchor points for cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments)

Answer 11

Functions of Plasma proteins

Question 12

Enzymes which regulate metabolic reactions

Answer 12

Functions of Plasma proteins

Question 13

Some proteins move some molecules from one side to the other

Answer 13

Things that influence permeability

Question 14

Characteristics of “heads” and “tails” affect what can pass through a membrane

Answer 14

Things that influence permeability

Question 15

A concentration gradient helps molecules move across membrane

Answer 15

Things that influence permeability

Question 16

An ionic charge may help molecule pass

Answer 16

Things that influence permeability

Question 17

Lipid-Soluable materials pass through more easily through non lipid soluble.

Answer 17

Things that influence permeability

Question 18

Molecular size matters, with smaller molecules passing through more easily

Answer 18

Things that influence permeability

Question 19

Does not require use of cellular energy (ATP)

Answer 19

Passive transport

Question 20

Simple diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

Answer 20

Passive transport

Question 21

Osmosis is the diffusion of water down a concentration gradient

Answer 21

Passive transport

Question 22

Facilitated diffusion requires a transport molecule

Answer 22

Passive transport

Question 23

Bulk filtrations is the diffusion of solvents and solutes together across a semipermeable membrane under pressure

Answer 23

Passive transport

Question 24

the movement of a substance across a plasma membrane against a concentration gradient requiring (ATP) some substances require a transport protein.

Answer 24

Active transport

Question 25

lipid-soluable substances and water diffuse through the lipid bilayer

Answer 25

Diffusion

Question 26

water soluble substances and water diffuse through transport proteins- No energy required

Answer 26

Passive transport (Facilitated diffusion)

Question 27

Specific solutes are pumped through transport proteins. Requires energy.

Answer 27

Active transport

Question 28

The active movement of macromolecules (large proteins and polysaccharides) across the plasma membrane using endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 28

Bulk Transport

Question 29

The endocytosis of large particles by a cell

Answer 29

Phagocytosis

Question 30

The endocytosis of fluid by a cell

Answer 30

Pinocytosis

Question 31

Place of many metabolic processes, stores nutrients and contains organelles

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

Carry out specific metabolic activities of cell

Answer 32

Organelles

Question 33

Does not have ribosomes; Synthesis, transport and storage of lipids; Metabolism of carbohydrates; detoxification of drugs, alcohol and poisons

Answer 33

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 34

Continuous with smooth ER; has fixed ribosomes; production, transport and storage of proteins (to be exported outside cell); proteins formed by ribosomes are modified as they travel through rough ER; transport proteins shuttle proteins to Golgi for further modification.

Answer 34

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 35

Stacked cisterns with receiving and shipping ends; recieves proteins from rough ER; modifies and packages proteins; modified proteins sent to lysosomes, cell membrane and for secretion

Answer 35

Golgi Apparatus

Question 36

Formed by the Golgi Apparatus, Contain digestive enzymes for waste products and ingested Macromolecules; products of digestion are recycled by cell

Answer 36

Lysosomes

Question 37

The “powerhouse” of the cell; Produce energy for cell in the form of ATP; Capable of self- replication

Answer 37

Mitochondria

Question 38

Small, dense granules which produce proteins; Free ribosomes float around cytoplasm and fixed ribosomes are associated with ER; Free ribosomes produce proteins which state in cytoplasms and used by cell; Fixed ribosomes produce proteins that are exported or incorporated into cell membrane

Answer 38

Ribosomes

Question 39

Composed of protein filaments (microfilaments) or tubes (microtubules); maintain shape of cell; help keep organelles in position; microtubules form cilia and move chromosomes during cell division

Answer 39

Cytoskeleton

Question 40

Composed of microtubules; they help organized the microtubules attached to chromosomes during cell division

Answer 40

Centrioles

Question 41

Control center of cellular activities; surrounded by double membrane nuclear envelope; houses DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic material of cell; Chromatin is loosely- organized DNA; Chromosomes are condensed, organized bars of DNA

Answer 41

Nucleus

Question 42

Found within the nucleus; Comprised of RNA, enzymes and other proteins; manufacture subunits of ribosomes, which are exported to cytoplasm and assembled

Answer 42

Nucleolus