Definitions; Conducting system of Heart; Cardiac Muscle Tissue; Cardiac Cycles

Question 1

Chest Pain

Answer 1

Angina pectoris

Question 2

heart attack due to a lack of blood supply to the myocardium; may lead to cardiac muscle death, blockage of coronary artery

Answer 2

Myocardial infarction(disruption of blood)

Question 3

abnormal heart sound cause by faulty valve

Answer 3

Heart murmur- can be congenital or acquired

Question 4

enlargement of the heart

Answer 4

cardiomegaly

Question 5

narrowing of arteries due to plaque deposits- increases peripheral resistance; plaque deposits happen under the lining of the vesicles

Answer 5

atherosclerosis

Question 6

inflammation of the pericardium cause by virus or bacteria

Answer 6

pericarditis

Question 7

high heart rate/ heart is beating abnormally high

Answer 7

tachycardia

Question 8

low heart rate

Answer 8

bradycardia

Question 9

abnormal heart rhythm; more than one SA node

Answer 9

arrhythmia

Question 10

random bursts of electrical activity in the atria, resulting in poorly coordinated contractions; can lead to blood clots and strokes. (Less severe)

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation

Question 11

rapid, random electrical firing in the ventricles; often leads to cardiac arrest. often leads to cardiac arrest (Very severe)

Answer 11

ventricular fibrillation

Question 12

pumping efficiency of heart declines and the heart enlarges

Answer 12

Congestive heart failure

Question 13

specialized cardiac muscle cells, collectively called the blank, spreads impulses through the myocardium

Answer 13

conducting system of the heart

Question 14

the heartbeat is initiated by a group of specialized cells called the blank near the superior vena cava

Answer 14

sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 15

The SA node is referred to as the blank, spontaneously depolarizing about 72 beats per minute

Answer 15

pacemaker of the heart

Question 16

from the SA node, the impulses spread to the blank, and then collect at the blank, in the floor of the blank

Answer 16

walls of the atria; atrioventricular node (av); right atrium

Question 17

impulses flow from the AV node through the blank, which enters the blank and divides into the right and left blank.

Answer 17

atrioventricular bundle; interventricular septum; bundle branches

Question 18

the bundle branches conduct impulses to blank, which begin at the blank, and extend up through the blank

Answer 18

perkinje fibers; apex of the heart; walls of the ventricles

Question 19

blank are short and branched, with 1-2 centrally located nuclei

Answer 19

cardiac muscle cells

Question 20

blank are joined at the ends, by blank to form cellular networks

Answer 20

Adjacent cardiac muscle cells; intercalated discs

Question 21

the intercalated discs have two distinct regions; the blank and blank

Answer 21

fascia adherens and gap junctions

Question 22

the blank help bind adjacent cells together and help transmit contractile force to adjacent cells

Answer 22

the fascia adherens

Question 23

the blank allow ions to pass between cells, allowing transmission of impulse to spread through network of blank (to help the entire chamber contract at the same time)

Answer 23

gap junctions; cardiac muscle cells

Question 24

a blank, is the time from start of one heartbeat to the initiation of the next. the contraction of the heart chamber is called blank and the relaxation is called blank

Answer 24

cardiac cycle; systole; diastole

Question 25

1st step: contraction of the atria initiated by the SA node, causing the ventricles to fill

Answer 25

Atrial Systole

Question 26

2nd step: atria relax and ventricles begin contracting, causing the AV valves to close (lub)

Answer 26

early ventricular systole

Question 27

3rd step: continued contraction of the ventricles cause the semilunar valves to open and blood is ejected into the arterial trunks (the atria are still relaxed)

Answer 27

late ventricular systole

Question 28

4th step: the ventricles begin to relax and the semilunar valves close to prevent blood from back flowing into the ventricles (dub)

Answer 28

early ventricular diastole

Question 29

5th step: continued relaxation of ventricles causes atrioventricular valves to open and atrial contractions fill ventricles

Answer 29

late ventricular diastole