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Human Anatomy 3001 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system includes? and is protected by the?

A

Includes the brain and spinal cord… protected by the cranium and vertebral canal

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2
Q

The Peripheral Nervous system includes?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Nervous system can be divided into

A

sensory, motor and integration components

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4
Q

carries sensory information such as touch, vision, hearing, smells and taste

A

The Somatic sensory part

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5
Q

involuntary: amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood or the makeup of the food traveling through the digestive tract

A

the visceral sensory parti

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6
Q

Voluntary; part of the nervous system that delivers impulses to skeletal muscles

A

somatic motor

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7
Q

Involuntary; Delivers impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

A

Visceral Motor (autonomic system)

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8
Q

Somatic sensory input can cause

A

viceral motor or somatic motor response

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9
Q

Visceral sensory input can cause

A

visceral motor or somatic motor response

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10
Q

dendritic processess

A

carries impulses to cell body

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11
Q

axonal processes

A

carries impulse away from the cell body; often mylinated

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12
Q

Rare; have one dendritic process and one axonal process; found in the retina and olfactory epithelium
specialized for sight, smell and hearing

A

Bipolar Neurons

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13
Q

Neurons carry sensation from the skin, have specialized sensory receptors for touch, pressure, vibration, pain and temp.

A

Unipolar Neurons (or pseudounipolar)

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14
Q

have a single axon and multiple dendritic processes; they function as motor neurons and interneurons; may have sparsely or extensively branched arbors

A

Multipolar neurons

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15
Q

Also referred to as Afferents; Found in the dorsal horns; unipolar neurons; carry sensation from the skin to the central nervous system

A

sensory neurons

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16
Q

Also referred to as Efferents; Found in the ventral horns they deliver impulses (motor commands) to muscles and glands; they are multipolar; cell bodies are in the spinal cord and their axons project out to their target

A

Motor Neurons

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17
Q

Multipolar and located entirely within the CNS; may decide to send information up to the cerebral cortex for awareness; may decide to send the information to motor neurons in anterior horns for motor response

A

Interneurons

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18
Q

Help to regulate what leaves the capillaries and enters the interstitial space, by helping to form the blood-brain-barrier; Fill in space left by dead cells to maintain the CNS; release small bursts of calcium

A

Astrocytes

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19
Q

Somewhat cuboidal shape with cilia; join capillaries to form choroid plexus

A

Ependymal Cells

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20
Q

Found in the ventricles of the brain; produces cerebrospinal fluid;

A

choroid process

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21
Q

cilia of ependymal cells help to circulate? this provides nourishment and protection for the CNS

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

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22
Q

Especially Small; wander through the CNS and clean up debris from dead cells (through phagocytosis)

A

Microglia

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23
Q

Have multiple projections that project out nearby axons; myelin acts like insulation and increases conduction velocity in neurons; myelinate more than one axon

A

oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

Found on the outside of the cell bodies of unipolar neurons; They help you deliver nutrients and remove waste products

A

Satellite Cells

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25
Q

Also called Schwan cells; Found in the peripheral nerves; myelinate neuronal processes (motor and sensory); They assist with nerve regeneration by releasing nerve growth factor; dedicate themselves to a small section of axon

A

Neurolemmocytes

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26
Q

The connective tissue around a single axon

A

Endoneurium

27
Q

the conncective tissue around a bundle of axons (Fascicle)

A

Perineurium

28
Q

Connective tissue around a peripheral nerve

A

Epineurium

29
Q

Can occur in PNS but not CNS

A

Nerve regeneration

30
Q

The method by which most neurons communicate with other neurons, muscles and glands; typically between neurons

A

Chemical Synapse

31
Q

Forebrain

A

Prosencephalon

32
Q

midbrain

A

mesencephalon

33
Q

hindbrain

A

rhombencephalon

34
Q

The prosencephalon specializes into secondary vesicles named the

A

telencephalon and diencephalon

35
Q

The mesencephalon specializes into the secondary vesicle

A

mesencephalon

36
Q

The rhombencephalon specializes into secondary vesicles named

A

mesencephalon and myelencephalon

37
Q

Cerebrum: cerebral hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei) olfactory bulbs

A

telencephalon

38
Q

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

A

Diencephalon

39
Q

Brain stem; midbrain; optic lobes

A

Mesencephalon

40
Q

Brain stem; pons; cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

41
Q

brain stem; medulla oblongata; spinal cord

A

myelencephalon

42
Q

pia mater, arachnoid mater and dura mater

A

the three layers of connective tissue in the meninges

43
Q

Thin layer of connective tissue adherent to the surface of the brain, following the surface of gyro and sulci

A

pia mater (delicate mother)

44
Q

Located external to the pia mater, more loosely covering the brain without diving to the sulci

A

arachnoid mater (webby mother)

45
Q

composed of two layers; periosteal layer and meningeal layer

A

dura mater (tough mother)

46
Q

empties into the confluence of sinuses

A

superior sagittal sinus

47
Q

in the precentral gyrus; control skeletal muscle activity on the opposite side of the body according to the motor homunculus

A

Primary motor cortex

48
Q

anterior to primary cortex; causes groups of muscles to contract in a specific sequence

A

promoter cortex

49
Q

at lower margin of the premotor area; associated with the ability to speak and write so others can understand

A

Broca’s area

50
Q

in premotor cortex; regulates eye movements needed for reading and binocular vision

A

Frontal eye field

51
Q

In post central gyrus; receives sensation from the skin on the opposite side of the body according to the sensory homunculus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

52
Q

posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex; integrates the qualities of the sensory information coming into the primary somatosensory cortex in order to identify everyday objects without having to look at them

A

somatosensory association cortex

53
Q

within the occipital lobe; process incoming visual information

A

primary visual cortex

54
Q

takes the visual information entering the primary visual cortex and allows it to recognize what an object is (or represents)

A

visual association cortex

55
Q

in temporal lobe; provides for the conscious awareness of smells.

A

Primary olfactory cortex

56
Q

in the temporal lobe; Receives and processes auditory information

A

primary auditory cortex

57
Q

within the insula; processes taste information

A

Primary gustatory cortex

58
Q

found in the left hemisphere; involved with understanding written and spoken language

A

Wernicke area

59
Q

Responsible for integration all sensory information in order to provide context to your environment

A

Gnostic area

60
Q

located on the medial aspect of the hemispheres; processes and experiences emotions and memories tied to strong emotions

A

Limbic system

61
Q

interconnect different regions of the same hemisphere

A

association tracts

62
Q

interconnect the two hemispheres

A

commissural tracts

63
Q

link the hemispheres with the brainstem and spinal cord

A

projection tracts

Human Anatomy 3001 (14 decks)

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