THE CELL JBLE Flashcards
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what are the general structures and attributes of the cell?
many variations in size and shape, they have protoplasm; H2O, colloid, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
what is the Singer-Nicholson Fluid Mosaic Model of phospholipid bilayer?
each layer with polar, hydrophilic head region region of phospholipids and an internalized non polar fairy acid tail where water, O2, CO2, diffuse, selectively permeable to most substances
these types of membrane proteins have carbohydrate or glycoprotein extensions stain with PAS and are also used for blood typing?
glycocalyx
What are the types of Bulk Transport?
endocytosis(pinocytosis, micropinocytosis, receptor mediated pinocytosis-drinking and phagocytosis-eating) and exocytosis
name the different types of membrane specializations?
microvilli and stereo cilia basal and lateral infoldings cilia and flagella glycocalyx junctional complexes
small, basophilic organelles, 15 nm in diameter and make proteins for cell’s use
free, unattached ribosomes are or are not synthesizing proteins?
ribosomes
not synthesizing proteins
these organelles are palely acidic, serves as the site for lipid, steroid synthesis, also triglycerides, and detox
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
these organelles are basophilic and are the major site for protein secretory cells
rough endoplasmic reticulum
true or false, lipid droplets stain?
false, they do not
these organelles stain pale, and produce a negative image, fxn in modification like cleavage, hydrolysis, glycosylation of molecules from the rER and sER; they also fxn in packaging products for transport, some carbs can be synthesized, this is the site of lysosomal production
Golgi apparatus
powerhouse of the cell, they can be steroid secreting that have tubular cristae
mitochondria
primary lysosome is active or inactive?
inactive
what is the secondary lysosome?
engulfed and is actively digesting
this is a lysosome that has completed digestion but retains junk?
residual body
lysosome with foreign substance?
phagosome
contains own cell’s dysfunctional organelles
autosome
like lysosomes but major site of O2 use and detox superoxides?
peroxisomes
lysosome can release enzymes to destroy cell and is therefore suicide bag of the cell
autolysis
cylindrical protein complexes with core of proteases to lyse peptide bonds, found in the nucleus and cytoplasms, attach to and degrade old, faulty proteins tagged with ubiquitin (polypeptide)
protesome
these types of proteins attach to faulty proteins that become recognized to be degraded by the proteosome?
ubiquitin
describe the microtubule?
straight, hollow, cylindrical tubules, comprised of alpha and beta tubular polypeptides that assemble into protofilaments, 13 of these protofilaments make one tubule and associate with dynein and kinesin, consume ATP
describe the centrioles?
pair formation near the nucleus and Golgi
formed from 9 microtubular triplets(A,B,C) in a pinwheel
form basal bodies or kinetosomes at cells surface iniate formation of cilia
describe the Cilia?
formed from basal bodies used for motility, shaft is axoneme composed of 9 micro tubular doublets surrounding a pair of microtubules in the center
these are the same structure as cilia but greater length, fx in movement of cell and sensory reception
flagella
actin is what type of filament? myosin?
microfilament filament
thick filament
what are the intermediate filaments?
cytokeratins- in all epithelia vimentin- in mesenchymal cells desmin- muscle(z-disc) glial fibrillary acid protein- glial cytoplasms neurofilaments- neuronal cytoplasm
flat, membranous, parallel, cistern with many pores
arise from the nuclear envelope
pores are regularly spaced
occur in rapidly growing cells
annulate lamallae
these are non metabolizing bodies in cytoplasm, aged upon or by products?
inclusions
stored food in inclusions?
glycogen (PAS+)
fats
pigments in inclusions?
endogenous like melanin, lipofuscin
exogenous (minerals, carbones, carotenes)
crystals and crystalloids can be found in inclusions? True/False
True
