THE CELL JBLE

Question 1

what are the general structures and attributes of the cell?

Answer 1

many variations in size and shape, they have protoplasm; H2O, colloid, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

Question 2

what is the Singer-Nicholson Fluid Mosaic Model of phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 2

each layer with polar, hydrophilic head region region of phospholipids and an internalized non polar fairy acid tail where water, O2, CO2, diffuse, selectively permeable to most substances

Question 3

these types of membrane proteins have carbohydrate or glycoprotein extensions stain with PAS and are also used for blood typing?

Answer 3

glycocalyx

Question 4

What are the types of Bulk Transport?

Answer 4

endocytosis(pinocytosis, micropinocytosis, receptor mediated pinocytosis-drinking and phagocytosis-eating) and exocytosis

Question 5

name the different types of membrane specializations?

Answer 5

microvilli and stereo cilia
basal and lateral infoldings
cilia and flagella
glycocalyx
junctional complexes

Question 6

small, basophilic organelles, 15 nm in diameter and make proteins for cell’s use

free, unattached ribosomes are or are not synthesizing proteins?

Answer 6

ribosomes

not synthesizing proteins

Question 7

these organelles are palely acidic, serves as the site for lipid, steroid synthesis, also triglycerides, and detox

Answer 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

these organelles are basophilic and are the major site for protein secretory cells

Answer 8

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

true or false, lipid droplets stain?

Answer 9

false, they do not

Question 10

these organelles stain pale, and produce a negative image, fxn in modification like cleavage, hydrolysis, glycosylation of molecules from the rER and sER; they also fxn in packaging products for transport, some carbs can be synthesized, this is the site of lysosomal production

Answer 10

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

powerhouse of the cell, they can be steroid secreting that have tubular cristae

Answer 11

mitochondria

Question 12

primary lysosome is active or inactive?

Answer 12

inactive

Question 13

what is the secondary lysosome?

Answer 13

engulfed and is actively digesting

Question 14

this is a lysosome that has completed digestion but retains junk?

Answer 14

residual body

Question 15

lysosome with foreign substance?

Answer 15

phagosome

Question 16

contains own cell’s dysfunctional organelles

Answer 16

autosome

Question 17

like lysosomes but major site of O2 use and detox superoxides?

Answer 17

peroxisomes

Question 18

lysosome can release enzymes to destroy cell and is therefore suicide bag of the cell

Answer 18

autolysis

Question 19

cylindrical protein complexes with core of proteases to lyse peptide bonds, found in the nucleus and cytoplasms, attach to and degrade old, faulty proteins tagged with ubiquitin (polypeptide)

Answer 19

protesome

Question 20

these types of proteins attach to faulty proteins that become recognized to be degraded by the proteosome?

Answer 20

ubiquitin

Question 21

describe the microtubule?

Answer 21

straight, hollow, cylindrical tubules, comprised of alpha and beta tubular polypeptides that assemble into protofilaments, 13 of these protofilaments make one tubule and associate with dynein and kinesin, consume ATP

Question 22

describe the centrioles?

Answer 22

pair formation near the nucleus and Golgi
formed from 9 microtubular triplets(A,B,C) in a pinwheel
form basal bodies or kinetosomes at cells surface iniate formation of cilia

Question 23

describe the Cilia?

Answer 23

formed from basal bodies used for motility, shaft is axoneme composed of 9 micro tubular doublets surrounding a pair of microtubules in the center

Question 24

these are the same structure as cilia but greater length, fx in movement of cell and sensory reception

Answer 24

flagella

Question 25

actin is what type of filament? myosin?

Answer 25

microfilament filament

thick filament

Question 26

what are the intermediate filaments?

Answer 26

cytokeratins- in all epithelia
vimentin- in mesenchymal cells
desmin- muscle(z-disc)
glial fibrillary acid protein- glial cytoplasms
neurofilaments- neuronal cytoplasm

Question 27

flat, membranous, parallel, cistern with many pores
arise from the nuclear envelope
pores are regularly spaced
occur in rapidly growing cells

Answer 27

annulate lamallae

Question 28

these are non metabolizing bodies in cytoplasm, aged upon or by products?

Answer 28

inclusions

Question 29

stored food in inclusions?

Answer 29

glycogen (PAS+)

fats

Question 30

pigments in inclusions?

Answer 30

endogenous like melanin, lipofuscin

exogenous (minerals, carbones, carotenes)

Question 31

crystals and crystalloids can be found in inclusions? True/False

Answer 31

True