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anatomy and physiology > the cell and its function > Flashcards

the cell and its function Flashcards

1
Q

CONTROL CENTER (DNA)
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE, NUCLEOLUS, CHROMATIN

A

NUCLEUS

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2
Q

BARRIER
DOUBLE PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE
NUCLEAR PORES

A

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

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3
Q

HAS ONE OR MORE NUCLEOLI
RIBOSOME PRODUCTION
*RIBOSOMES MIGRATE TO CYTOPLASM THROUGH NUCLEAR PORES

A

NUCLEOLI

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4
Q

DNA AND PROTEIN
SCTTERED THROUGH NUCLEOLUS
CONDENSED CHROMOSOMES

A

CHROMATIN

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5
Q

BARRIER
DOUBLE PHOSPHOLIPID LAYER; HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC
*PROTEIN, CHOLESTEROL, GLYCOPROTEINS

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

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6
Q

PLASMA MEMBRANE SPECIALIZATIONS

A

MICROVILI AND MEMBRANE JUNCTIONS

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7
Q

MADE OF PROTEIN AND DNA
CITE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
FOUND IN: CYTOPLASM AND ROUGH ER

A

RIBOSOMES

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8
Q

FLUID-FILLED TUBULES FOR CARRYING SUBSTANCES

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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9
Q

RIBOSOMES; BUILDING MATERIALS OF CELLULAR MEMBRANE

A

ROUGH ER

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10
Q

CHLOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN, FAT METABOLISM, DETOXIFICATION OF DRUGS

A

SMOOTH ER

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11
Q

MODIFIES AND PACKAGES PROTEIN
*PRODUCES SECRETORY VESICLES, CELL MEMBRANE, LYSOSOMES

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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12
Q

HAS ENZYMES THAT DIGEST NONUSABLE MATERIALS

A

LYSOSOMES

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13
Q

DETOXIFIES AND BREAKDOWN HARMFUL SUBSTANCES
*REPLICATE BY PINCHING IN HALF
*HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

A

PEROXISOMES

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14
Q

ATP PRODUCTION

A

MITOCHONDRIA

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15
Q

PROVIDES INTERNAL FRAMEWORK
NETWORK OF PROTEIN STRUCTURE EXTENDED THROUGH CYTOPLASM

A

CYTOSKELETON

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16
Q

SPECIAL MICROTUBULES

A

CILIA, FLAGELLA, MICROVILLI

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17
Q

MADE OF MICROTUBULES
DIRECT FORMATION OF MITOTIC SPINDLE DURING CELL DIVISION
MOVES CHROMOSOMES IN THE MIDDLE

A

CENTRIOLES

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18
Q

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
*METHODS: PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

A

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

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19
Q

NO ENERGY (DIFFUSION)

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

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20
Q

METABOLLIC ENERGY (OSMOSIS)

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

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21
Q

HOMO MIXTURE OF COMPONENTS

A

SOLUTION

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22
Q

NUCLEOPLASM AND CYTOSOL

A

INTRACELLULAR FLUID

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23
Q

FLUID ON THE EXTERIOR OF THE CELL

A

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

24
Q

ALLOWS MATERIALS TO PASS WHILE EXCLUDING OTHERS
INCLUDES MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF THE CELL

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

25
Q

TYPES OF DIFFUSION THROUGH THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

A

OSMOSIS, FACILITATED DIFFUSION, SIMPLE DIFFUSION

26
Q

PRESSURE GRADIENT
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
HIGH TO LOW PRESSURE AREA

A

FILTRATION

27
Q

PARTICLES DISTRIBUTING THEMSELVES EVENLY WITHIN A SOLUTION
*HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION, OR DOWN A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

28
Q

TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES THAT ARE UNABLE TO PASS BY DIFFUSION
*FACTORS – TOO LARGE, UNABLE TO DISSOLVE, MOVE AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT PROCESSES

29
Q

MOVES SUBSTANCES AGAINST CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
TRANSPORTED BY SOLUTE PUMP

A

SOLUTE PUMPING

30
Q

CELL EATING

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

31
Q

EXTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCES ARE ENGULFED (ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANOUS VESCICLE)

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

32
Q

CELL DRINKING

A

PINOCYTOSIS

33
Q

GROWTH; METABOLIC PROCESS. NO CELL DIVISION OCCUR

A

INTERPHASE

34
Q

REPLICATION; GROWTH AND REPAIR

A

CELL DIVISION

34
Q

TWO EVENTS OF CELL DIVISION

A

MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

35
Q

DIVISION OF NUCLEUS
= TWO DAUGHTER NUCLEI

36
Q

DIVISION OF THE CYTOPLASM
= TWO DAUGHTER CELLS

A

CYTOKINESIS

37
Q

STAGES OF MITOSIS

A

INTERPHASE, PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

38
Q

NO CELL DIVISION OCCUR
CARRIES OUT METABOLIC ACTOVIY AND GROWTH

A

INTERPHASE

39
Q

CENTROMERS MIGRATE TO POLE

40
Q

SPINDLE ARE ALIGNED IN THE CENTER OF THE CELL

41
Q

DAUGHTERS CELLS ARE PULLED TOWARD THE POLES
ELONGATED CELLS

42
Q

DAUGHTER NUCLEI BEGIN FORMING
CLEAVAGE FURROW BEGINS TO FORM

42
Q

CARRIES BLUEPRINT FOR BUILDING ONE PROTEIN; DNA

43
Q

ESSENTIAL FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

44
Q

TRANSFER AMINO ACIDS TO AMINO ACIDS FOR BUILDING PROTEIN

A

TRANSFER RNA
(tRNA)

45
Q

HELPS FORM THE RIBOSOMES WHERE PROTEINS ARE BUILT

A

RIBOSOMAL RNA
(rRNA)

46
Q

CARRIES INSTRUCTION FOR BUILDING A PROTEIN FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE RIBOSOME

A

MESSENGER RNA

47
Q

FOR BUILDING MATERIALS FOR CELLS
ACTS AS ENZYME (BIOLOGICAL CATALYST)

48
Q

TRANSFER OF INFORMATION OF DNA TO mRNA

A

TRANSCRIPTION

49
Q

BASE SEQUENCE OF NUCLEIC ACID IS TRANSLATED TO AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
*AMINO ACIDS ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS

A

TRANSLATION

50
Q

CONTAINS THE MATERIALS OUTSIDE THE NUCLEUS AND PLASMA MEMBRANE

51
Q

CYTOSOL IS ___
METABOLIC MACHINERY ___
INCLUSIONS ___

A

FLUID
ORGANELLE
NON FUNCTIONING UNITS

52
Q

DIFFUSION THROUGH PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT REQUIRES PROTEIN CARRIER FOR PASSIVE TRANSPORT

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

53
Q

(DIFFUSION THROUGH PLASMA MEMBRANE)
SIMPLE DIFFUSION OF WATER; HIGH POLAR CROSSES PLASMA MEMBRANE

54
Q

UNASSISTEED PROCESS; SMALL ENOUGH TO PASS THROUGH MEMBRANE PORES
(DIFFUSION THROUGH PLASMA MEMBRANE)

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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