skeletal system (2) Flashcards
What is the function of the periosteum?
Covers the diaphysis
What is the function of Sharpey’s fibers?
Secure periosteum to underlying bone
What is the function of arteries in a bone?
Supply bone cells with nutrients
What is the function of the articular cartilage?
Covers the external surface of the epiphysis
What is the function of hyaline cartilage in joints?
Decrease friction at joint surfaces
What is the function of the medullary cavity?
Cavity of the shaft
What is the function of yellow marrow in adults?
Stores fats
What is the function of red marrow in infants?
Produces blood cells
What are the functions of bones in the body?
Support, protection, movement
What is the axial skeleton?
Longitudinal/medial part of the body
What does the axial skeleton include?
Skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
What are the two parts of the skull?
Cranium and facial bones
How are the bones of the skull joined together?
Suture
Which bone of the skull is attached by a freely movable joint?
Mandible
What separates the vertebrae in the vertebral column?
Intervertebral discs
How is each vertebrae named?
According to location
What replaces the hyaline cartilage in the human skeleton during development?
Bone
Where does cartilage remain in the skeleton?
Isolated areas such as bridge of the nose, parts of ribs, joints
What is the first step in the repair of bone fractures?
Hematoma is formed
What is the second step in the repair of bone fractures?
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
What replaces the fibrocartilage callus in the repair of bone fractures?
Bony callus
What is the final step in the repair of bone fractures?
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
What are the three main parts of the bony thorax?
Sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Osteoclasts
A type of bone fracture that does not penetrate the skin
Closed (simple) fracture
A type of fracture where the broken bone penetrates through the skin
Open (compound) fracture
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Realignment of the bone
Surface features of bones
Bone markings
Bone markings that grow out from the bone surface
Projections and processes
A bone indentation fracture
Depressions or cavities
Homogenous bone tissue
Compact bone
Small needle-like pieces of bone
Many open spaces
Spongy bone
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends
Contain mostly compact bone
Long bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Short bones
Thin and flattened
Usually curved
Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
Flat bones
Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories
Irregular bones
