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anatomy and physiology > muscular system > Flashcards

muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENT – THEY CONTRACT OR SHORTEN AND ARE THE MACHINE OF THE BODY

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM?

A
  1. PRODUCE MOVEMENT
  2. MAINTAIN POSTURE
  3. STABILIZE JOINTS
  4. GENERATE HEAT
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3
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC MUSCLE TYPES?

A
  1. SKELETAL MUSCLE
  2. CARDIAC MUSCLE
  3. SMOOTH MUSCLE
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4
Q

PREFIX: MYO

A

MUSCLES

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5
Q

PREFIX: MYS

A

MUSCLE

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6
Q

PREFIX: SACRO

A

FLESH

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7
Q

CONTRACTION IS DUE TO…

A

THE MOVEMENT OF MICROFILAMENTS

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8
Q

STRIATED

A

VISIBLE BONDING

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9
Q

VOLUNTARY

A

SUBJECT TO CONSCIOUS CONTROL

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10
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE AROUND A FASCICLE (BUNDLE) OF FIBERS

A

PERIMYSIUM

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10
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE AROUND SINGLE MUSCLE FIBER

A

ENDOMYSIUM

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11
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVERS THE ENTIRE SKELETAL MUSCLE

A

EPIMYSIUM

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12
Q

CONNECTIVE TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE EPIMYSIUM

A

FASCIA

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13
Q

A CORD-LIKE STRUCTURE IN EPIMYSIUM

A

TENDON

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14
Q

A SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURE IN EPIMYSIUM

A

APONEUROSES

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15
Q

BLENDS INTO A CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACHMENT

A

EPIMYSIUM

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16
Q

SITES OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

A

BONES, CARTILAGES, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERINGS

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SMOOTH MUSCLES?

A

NO STRIATIONS
SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS
SINGLE NUCLEUS
INVOLUNTARILY – NO CONSCIOUS CONTROL
FOUND IN THE WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS
SLOW, SUSTAINED AND TIRELES

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE?

A

HAS STRIATIONS, SINGLE NUCLEUS, JOINED TO ANOTHER MUSCLE AT AN INTERCALATED DISC
INVOLUNTARY, FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART, STEADY PACE

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19
Q

CELLS ARE MULTINUCLEATE
NUCLEI ARE BENEATH SACROLEMMA

A

SEGMENT OF MUSCLE FIBERS

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20
Q

A SPECIALIZED PLASMA MEMBRANE IS CALLED?

A

SACROLEMMA

21
Q

A SPECIALIZED SMOOTH ER IS CALLED?

A

SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM

22
Q

IT IS THE BINDLES OF MYOFILAMENTS ALIGNED TO GIVE DISTANT BANDS

A

MYOFIBRIL

23
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BAND IS I BAND?

A

LIGHT BAND

24
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BAND IS A BAND?

A

DARK BAND

25
Q

ITS THE CONTRACTILE UNIT OF MUSCLE FIBERS

A

SACROMERE

26
Q
A
27
Q
A
28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q

IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SACROMERE, WHAT KIND OF FILAMENT IS THE MYOSIN FILAMENTS (COMPOSED OF PROTEIN MYOSIN AND HAS ATPase ENZYMES) BELONG TO?

A

THICK FILAMENTS

32
Q

IT HAS THE ABILITY TO SHORTEN WHEN AN ADEQUATE STIMULUS IS RECEIVED

A

CONTRACTILITY

32
Q

WHEN THE MYOSIN AND ACTIVE OVERLAP, ITS CALLED?

A

MYOSIN FILAMENTS

32
Q

IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SACROMERE, WHAT KIND OF FILAMENT IS THE ACTIN FILAMENTS (COMPOSED OF THE PROTEIN ACTIN) BELONG TO?

A

THIN FILAMENTS

32
Q

A NERVE STIMULUS THAT MUST BE STIMULATED BY A NERVE
MOTOR UNIT: ONE NEURON
MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED BY THAT NEURON

A

SKELETAL MUSCLES

32
Q

ITS THE ABILITY TO RECEIVE AND RESPOND TO A STIMULUS

A

IRRITABILITY

32
Q

ITS THE ASSOCIATION SITE OF NERVE AND MUSCLE

A

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS

32
Q

THE GAP BETWEEN THE NERVE AND THE MUSCLE IS CALLED?

A

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

32
Q
  1. MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTION IS “ALL OR NONE”
  2. WITHIN A SKELETAL MUSCLE, NOT ALL FIBERS MAY BE STIMULATED DURING THE SAME INTERVAL
  3. DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTIONS MAY GIVE DIFFERENT RESPONSES
  4. GRADED RESPONSES – DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE SHORTENING;
    RAPID STIMULUS = CONSTANT CONTACTION OR TETANUS
A

CONTRACTION OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE

32
Q
  1. MUSCLES USED STORED ATP FOR ENERGY
    *BONDS OF ATP ARE BROKEN TO RELEASE ENERGY
    *ONLY 4-6 SECONDS WORTH OF ATP IS STORED BY MUSCLES
  2. AFTER THIS, OTHER PATHWAYS MUST BE UTILIZED TO PRODUCE ATP
A

ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION

32
Q
  1. ACTIVATION BY NERVE CAUSES MYOSIN HEADS (CROSSBRIDGES) TO ATTACH TO BINDING SITES ON THE THIN FILAMENT
  2. MYOSIN HEADS THEN BIND TO THE NEXT SITE OF THE THIN FILAMENT
  3. THIS CONTINUED ACTION CAUSES A SLIDING OF THE MYOSIN ALONG THE ACTIN
  4. THE RESULT IS THAT THE MUSCLE IS SHORTENED (CONTRACTED)
A

THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

33
Q
  • REACTION THAT BREAKSDOWN GLUCOSE WITH OXYGEN
  • GLUCOSE IS BROKE DOWN TO PYRUVIC ACID TO PRODUCE SOME ATP
  • PYRUVID ACID IS CONVERTED TO LACTIC ACID
  • THIS REACTION IS NOT AS EFFICIENT, BUT IS FAST
  • HUGE AMOUNTS OF GLUCOSE ARE NEEDED
  • LACTIC ACID PRODUCES MUSCLE FATIGUE
A

ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

33
Q
  1. MUSCLE FORCE DEPENDS UPON THE NUMBER OF FIBERS STIMULATED
  2. MORE FIBERS CONTRACTING RESULTS IN GREATER MUSCLE TENSION
  3. MUSCLES CAN CONTINUE TO CONTRACT UNLESS THEY RUN OUT OF ENERGY
A

MUSCLE RESPONSE TO STRONG STIMULI

33
Q
  • MUSCLE CELLS CONTAIN CREATINE PHOSPHATE (CP); CP IS A HIGH ENERGY MOLECULE
  • AFTER ATP IS DEPLETED, ADP IS LEFT
  • CP TRANSFERS ENERGY TO ADP, TO REGENERATE ATP
  • CP SUPPLIES ARE EXHAUSTED IN ABOUT 20 SECONDS
A

DIRECT PHOSPHORYLATION

33
Q
  • SERIES OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS THAT OCCUR IN THE MITOCHONDRIA
  • GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN TO CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER, RELEASING ENERGY
  • THIS IS A SLOWER REACTION THAT REQUIRES CONTINUOUS OXYGEN
A

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

33
Q
  • WHEN A MUSCLE IS FATIGUED, IT IS UNABLE TO CONTRACT
  • REASON: OXYGEN DEBT
  • OXYGEN MUST BE REPAID TO TISSUE TO REMOVE OXYGEN DEBT
  • OXYGEN IS REQUIRED TO GET RID OF ACCUMULATED LACTIC ACID
  • INCREASING ACIDITY (FROM LACTIC ACID) AND LACK OF ATP CAUSES THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT LESS
A

MUSCLE FATIGUE AND OXYGEN DEBT

34
Q

A TYPE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTTIONS WHERE MYOFILAMENTS ARE ABLE TO SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER DURING CONTRACTIONS; THE MUSCLE SHORTENS

A

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS

35
Q

A TYPE OF CONTRACTION WHERE THE TENSION IN THE MUSCLES INCREASES; THE MUSCLE IS UNABLE TO SHORTEN

A

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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