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anatomy and physiology > muscular system (2) > Flashcards

muscular system (2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

Produce movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat

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2
Q

What are the three basic muscle types?

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle

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3
Q

What does ‘myo’ refer to?

A

Muscle

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4
Q

What does ‘mys’ refer to?

A

Muscle

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5
Q

What does ‘sacro’ refer to?

A

Flesh

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6
Q

What causes the contraction of muscles?

A

Movement of microfilaments

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7
Q

What type of control do skeletal muscles have?

A

Voluntary (subject to conscious control)

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8
Q

What is the connective tissue wrapping around a whole muscle called?

A

Perimysium

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8
Q

What is the connective tissue wrapping around a single muscle fiber called?

A

Endomysium

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9
Q

What is a fascicle?

A

A bundle of fibers

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10
Q

What covers the entire skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium

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10
Q

What is the fascia?

A

Connective tissue on the outside of the epimysium

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11
Q

What are the sites of muscle attachment?

A

Bones, cartilages, and connective tissue coverings

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscles?

A

No striations, spindle-shaped cells, single nucleus, involuntarily (no conscious control)

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11
Q

What does the epimysium blend into?

A

A connective tissue attachment (tendon or aponeurosis)

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12
Q

Where are smooth muscles found?

A

In the walls of hollow organs

13
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Striations, branching cells, single nucleus, involuntarily (no conscious control)

14
Q

What is the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle?

A

Segment of muscle fiber, cells are multinucleate, nuclei are beneath sacrolemma

15
Q

What is a sacrolemma?

A

Specialized plasma membrane

16
Q

What is sacroplasmic reticulum?

A

Specialized smooth ER

17
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

Bundles of myofilaments, aligned to give distinct bands

18
Q

What is a sacromere?

A

Contractile unit of muscle fiber

19
Q

What are the thick filaments composed of?

A

Myosin filaments; composed of protein myosin and has ATPase enzymes

20
Q

What are the thin filaments composed of?

A

Actin filaments; composed of the protein actin

21
Q

What are the properties of skeletal muscle activity?

A

Irritability (ability to receive and respond to a stimulus), contractility (ability to shorten and generate force)

22
Q

What is the term for when an adequate stimulus is received?

A

Shortening

23
Q

What stimulates skeletal muscles?

A

Nerve stimulus

24
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

One neuron and the muscle cells it stimulates

25
Q

Where do nerve and muscle associate?

A

Neuromuscular junctions

26
Q

What is the gap between nerve and muscle called?

A

Synaptic cleft

anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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