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anatomy and physiology > lesson 1 and 2 > Flashcards

lesson 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of superior (cranial)?

A

Upper part of the body

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2
Q

What is the definition of inferior (caudal)?

A

Lower part of the body

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3
Q

What is the definition of medial?

A

Middle part of the body

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4
Q

What is the definition of anterior (ventral)?

A

Front; body surface

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5
Q

What is the definition of posterior (dorsal)?

A

Back of the body

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6
Q

What is the definition of lateral?

A

Outer part of the body

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7
Q

What is the definition of intermediate?

A

Between medial and lateral

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8
Q

What is the definition of proximal?

A

Close to the origin

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9
Q

What is the definition of distal?

A

Farther from the origin

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Control center (DNA)

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11
Q

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

A

Barrier double phospholipid membrane

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12
Q

What travels through nuclear pores?

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA and protein scattered throughout the nucleolus

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14
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Barrier double phospholipid layer

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15
Q

What are the specializations of the plasma membrane?

A

Microvilli, membrane junctions

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16
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Materials outside the nucleus and plasma membrane

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17
Q

What is membrane transport?

A

Movement of substances in and out of the cell

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18
Q

What does membrane transport involve?

A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane

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19
Q

Why is membrane transport important?

A

Allows the cell to obtain necessary nutrients and eliminate waste products

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20
Q

What are the two main types of membrane transport?

A

Passive transport and active transport

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21
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy

22
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane with the use of energy

23
Q

What are the two types of transport methods?

A

Passive and active

24
Q

What type of transport method does not require energy?

A

Passive Transport

25
Q

What is the process of simple diffusion of water called?

A

Osmosis

26
Q

What is the solvent in a solution?

A

The dissolving agent

27
Q

What are the solutes in a solution?

A

The components that dissolve

28
Q

What type of fluid is the fluid inside the cell called?

A

Intracellular fluid

29
Q

What is the fluid on the exterior of the cell called?

A

Interstitial fluid

30
Q

What allows materials to pass while excluding others?

A

Selective permeability

31
Q

What process requires a protein carrier for passive transport?

A

Facilitated diffusion

32
Q

What is the process of particles distributing themselves evenly within a solution?

A

Diffusion

33
Q

What is the term for substances that are unable to pass by diffusion?

A

Active transport

34
Q

What is the process of moving substances against a concentration gradient?

A

Solute pumping

35
Q

What is the term for the transport of extracellular substances that are engulfed in a membranous vesicle?

A

Endocytosis

36
Q

What is the term for the process of a cell eating?

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

What is the term for the process of a cell drinking?

A

Pinocytosis

38
Q

What is the purpose of cell division?

A

Replication; growth and repair

39
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Duplication of genetic material

40
Q

What does cell division do to prepare for division?

A

Readies cell for division

41
Q

What are the two events of cell division?

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

42
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

43
Q

What happens in the interphase stage?

A

No cell division, carries out metabolic activity and growth

44
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Spindle fibers are aligned in the center of the cell

44
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Daughter cells are pulled toward the poles

45
Q

Building materials and enzymes

A

Daughter nuclei begin forming

46
Q

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

A

Transfer amino acids for building protein

47
Q

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

A

Carries instructions for building a protein

48
Q

What is the purpose of transcription?

A

Transfer information from DNA to mRNA

49
Q

What is translation?

A

Base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to amino acid sequence

50
Q

What are proteins used for in cells?

A

Building materials and enzymes

anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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