The cell Flashcards
cytoskeleton composition and what they do
actin - stiffness, movement, contraction
microtubules - cell division, position organelles
intermediate filaments - use for proteins- mechanical strength e.g myosin, and connect cells in tissues
3 types of cell junctions (organising cells)
Tight junctions - strength, impermeable barrier
Gap junctions - exchange of metabolites, direct communication, adhesion, suppress tumour growth
Desmosomes - connect proteins to the cytoplasm via intermediate filaments
what does extracellular matrix do?
cells surrounded by it in tissues and provide the main structural support for cells
how do cells attach to the ECM
integrin molecules on surface which attach to actin (adhesion complexes) or intermediate filaments (hemidesmosomes)
adhesion complexes
Connect integrins to actin filaments
Adhesion hemidesmosomes
connect EM to intermediate filaments via integrin - how the cell attaches to basement membrane
what are flagella and cilia and their protein
How cells move - remove dust, mucus from respiratory.
Dynein (motor protein) is important for flagella and cilia movement
what is peroxisome
fatty acid breakdown -contains oxidative enzymesand protects cell from ROS
name organelles
ER, Nucleus, Golgi, lysosome, mitochondria, ribosome, peroxisome
Rough er
Has ribosomes on it - transport of proteins
Golgi
protein modification & transport = customises proteins into forms that cells can use e.g fold them to shapes (glycosylation) or add lipids carbs etc
lysosome
breaks down cellular debris and protein destruction - contains digestive enzymes
ribosomes
site of protein production - translation
Smooth ER
Produces lipids and steroids
plasma membrane
Selective barrier - passage of nutrients and waste. It is hydrophilic and polar
Consists of glycoproteins, phospholipids and cholesterol
