Blood

Question 1

What is leukaemia & 4 classes of leukaemia

Answer 1

Cancer of the white blood cells - uncontrolled growth of one type of WBC in the bone marrow increasing cell count

1- acute myeloid (BM)
2- acute lymphoblastic (BM)
3- chronic myeloid (tissues)
4- chronic lymphoid (tissues)

Question 2

Key features of platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 2

Small annucleate cellular fragments of megakaryocytes

Produced in bone marrow
2-4 micrometer diameter
5-10 day life span

Main role in blood clotting - haemostasis

Question 3

What happens when platelets get activated

Answer 3

They change from a smooth discoid shape to sending out Filipinos and forming lamelliopodia

Question 4

How are blood cells destructed

Answer 4

In spleen- filter of blood - removes damaged or old cells (engulfed by phagocytosis)

Question 5

How does spleen destruct blood cells

Answer 5

There are 3 micrometer Windows. That separate the splenic cords from venous sinuses. Cells that can no longer deform to squeeze through the windows are filtered from the blood and destroyed

Phagocytes then engulf cells and of the RBC- the protein is broken down into amino acids which are transported around the body for new protein synthesis and the iron is transported back to bone marrow for new RBC formation. Porphyrin ring is converted to bilirubin and transported to liver for excretion

Question 6

Define blood

Answer 6

Liquid that fills the vascular compartments and serves to transport dissolved materials and blood cells throughout the body

Question 7

What are the 5 functions of blood

Answer 7

Respiration 
Transport 
Protection from infection 
Repair of tissue damage
Thermo regulation

Question 8

What do ions (blood electrolytes) in plasma do? Na, K, Ca,Mg,Cl, bicarbonate

Answer 8

Osmotic balance
PH buffering
Regulate membrane permeability