TCA CYCLE AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - ENERGY PRODUCTION Flashcards
Where does TCA cycle occur?
matrix of mitochondria
what is the process of TCA cycle?
Uses acetyl CoA (pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into acetyl CoA) - goes into the cycle
- Oxidation of acetyl CoA produces……
- produces NADH and FADH2
- Produces ATP
- Produces CO2 as a waste product
what cellular metabolites does TCA cycle use to produce high energy molecules?
pyruvate, fatty acids
what pathway best describes how high energy electron carriers that drive ATP synthesis are generated?
TCA cycle
what do the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 do after tca cycle?
go into the electron transport chain to give up electrons and create more ATP
what is oxidative phosphorylation in TCA?
process by which ATP is produces as electrons as transferred from NADH / FADH2 to oxygen. Occurs in mitochondria.
what complex’s are used in electron transport chain?
NADH
Cytochrome b-C1
Cytochrome oxidase
ATP synthase
what mobile carriers are used in electron transport chain?
cytochrome C
ubiquinone
what are other key components of the electron transprort chain?
NADH (& electrons) H+ ions Oxygen Water ADP and Pi - inorganic phosphate (resulting in ATP)
where does ATP synthesis (electron transport chain) take place?
inner mitochondrial membrane
what ions are essential for the electron transport chain?
Fe and Cu
what is the direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
Transmembrane proton gradient
what is the electron transport chain?
the LAST step in respiration and produces the MOST ATP molecules
what happens in electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2 release the electrons in to the chain - then the electrons transfer their energy to proteins in the membrane, thus providing energy for the H+ ions to be pumped across the membrane.
This series of H+ pumping creates a proton gradient - the energy from this is used by ATP synthase to generate ATP from ADP and Pi.
how many ATP molecules are produced from NADH, and FADH2?
NADH = 3 ATP FADH2 = 2 ATP
what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
oxygen - it combines with hydrogen to form water.
what is oxygen (the last electron acceptor) isn’t present?
then hydrogen cannot pass through the electron transport chain so there’s a reduction of ATP molecules produced.
what molecule in the electron transport chain also plays a role in apoptosis?
Cytochrome C
what is the name of the high energy molecule used by cells?
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
where does glycolysis take place and what does it produce?
cytoplasm - produces 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP
in cellular respiration - how many ATP produced?
38
2 glycolysis, 2 TCA, 34 electron tc
how many ATP molecules does TCA produce?
2
what enzymes does the mitochondrial matrix contain?
contains enzymes that metabolise pyruvate and fatty acids to produce acetyl CoA
also has enzymes that oxidise acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle
describe the inner mitochondrial membrane
specialised lipid bilayer that is impermeable to ions and is the site of electron transport chain / ATP synthesis
It is also convuluted - forms folds called Cristae that project into the matrix and increase the surface area which then produces more ATP
