THE CELL Flashcards
Smallest functional units that retain necessary characteristics for life
Cell
Group of similar cells performing similar functions
Tissue
XXX
Plasma membrane
Aka. Intracellular fluid. Fluid contents inside a cell
Cytosol
Fluid outside the cell containing substances
Extracellular fluid
Fluid between cells
Intersitital fluid
Fluid in blood vessels
Plasma
Fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
Reflectss on the performance of a cell function. - Strengthen, support, and connects adjacent cell membranes
Membrane proteins
Finger-like projections that increase surface area
Microvilli
Cell substance between cell membrane and nucleus consisting of cytosol and organelles
Cytoplasm
A cell consists of protein filaments with cytosol giving cell structural support and some movement
Cytoskeleton
A rounded/elongated organelle that directs growth, metabolism, cell production, and contains most of DNA
Nucleus
Organelle where protein synthesis takes place
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis with attached ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Creates lipid molecules, regulates calcium with the cell and metabolism
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Aka. Apparatus. Organelle that processes, organizes, and delivers molecules to the plasma membrane and around cell
Golgi Complex
An organelle that breaks down substances
Lysosome
An organelle that produces ATP from organic compounds
Mitochondria
Hair-like projections on cell providing steady movement of fluid/particles along cell surface
Cilia
Longer hair-like projections than cilia providing movement of cell body
Flagella
The transport of material across the plasma membrane passively or actively
Membrane transport
No energy needed for membrane transport
Passive transport
Energy needed for membrane transport
Active transport
A difference in concentration of a chemical from one place to another
Concentration gradient
A passive process of a substance moving down its concentration gradient (both solvents and solutes)
Diffusion
Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane (a passive process)
Osmosis
Movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient (an active process)
Active transport
Movements in a small spherical sac (an active process)
Transport in vesicles
Extracellular materials brought into a cell in a vesicle formed by plasma membrane
Endocytosis
A form of endocytosis, engulfing large solid particles, performed only by phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Vesicles formed in a cell fuse with plasma membrane and release materials out of the cell
Exocytosis
Allows substances to pass between cells
Gap junctions
Prevent passageway of substances between cells
Tight junctions
Anchors cells to one another
Anchoring junction
