Classifications Of Body Tissue

Question 1

Epithelial Function

Answer 1

Selective barriers
Secretory surfaces
Protective surfaces

Question 2

Epithelial classification

Answer 2

1. Layering: simple - one layer, good for the passage of substances.
   Pseudostratified: a single layer but not all cells reach the free surface, some will have cilia, some will secrete mucous
   Stratified: more than one layer, good for protection.
2. Shape
   Squamous: flat and thin, rapid movement of substances(simple), protection (stratified).
   Cuboidal: cube or hexagon shaped good for secretion or absorption
   Columnar: taller than wide

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Covers body surfaces

Lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts

Forms Glands

Composed of cells arranged in continuous sheets to cover all free surfaces

Question 4

Glandular Epithelium

Answer 4

Gland: one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.

2 kinds: exocrine and endocrine

Question 5

Exocrine Glands

Answer 5

Secrete their products into ducts (tubes) that empty onto the epithelial surface.

Ex. Sweat, salivary, oil

Question 6

Endocrine Glands

Answer 6

Secrete their products into the interstitial fluid and diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing through a duct.

Examples: pituitary, thyroid, adrenals

Question 7

Connective Tissue

Answer 7

Structure: 
Made of Extracellular matrix (the material between the cells)
Cells
Most CTs have a good blood supply
Most CTs have a nerve supply

Question 8

Connective Tissue Functions

Answer 8

Protection
Support/definition 
Binding 
Transportation
Energy
Immunity

Question 9

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 9

Protein fibres -
collagen: white, strong, tensile forces.
Elastin: yellow, smaller than collagen, strong but stretchy.
Reticular: thin, fine collagen fibres that form branching networks

Ground Substance -
May be fluid, gel-like or calcified
It supports the cells and through it, substances are exchanged between the blood and the cells

Question 10

-blasts

Answer 10

Each major type of CT contains cells with a name ending in -blast

Fibroblasts in loose and dense CT

Osteoblasts in bone

Chondroblasts in cartilage

Question 11

Fibroblasts

Answer 11

Present in all CT, they produce the various protein fibres

Question 12

Macrophages

Answer 12

Eat bacteria and cellular debris

Question 13

Plasma Cells

Answer 13

Part of the immune response (secrete antibodies)

Question 14

Mast Cells

Answer 14

Make histamine (part of inflammatory response)

Question 15

Adipocytes

Answer 15

Cells that store fat

Question 16

Types of Connective tissue

Answer 16

1) Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular)
2) Dense (regular, irregular, elastic)
3) Bone
4) Cartilage (Hyaline, fibrocartilsge, elastic)
5) Liquid (blood, lymph)

Question 17

Muscle Tissue

Answer 17

1) Skeletal - striated muscle; compartmentalized by CT, attached to skeleton. Function: movement and heat production. Conscious/voluntary control
2) Smooth - found in the walls of hollow tubes (lunges, blood vessels, stomach, intestines). Involuntary control. Cell structure: spindle shaped. Function: construction of tubes and movement of substance through them.
3) Cardiac - cell structure is branches striated fibres that fit tightly together. Function: blood flow/propulsion and involuntary control.

Question 18

Nervous tissue

Answer 18

Designed for communication with 2 types of cells:

1) Neuroglia - support, nourish, and protect the nervous system
2) Neurons - nerve cells with 3 parts (dendrites, cell body, axon)

Question 19

Dendrite

Answer 19

Structure: multiple or single extensions off the cell body

Function: it is in the input portion of the neuron.

Question 20

Axon

Answer 20

A thin cylindrical process off the cell body

Function: it is the output portion of the neuron.