BASIC CONCEPTS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Microscopic building blocks of matter containing a nucleus and surround electrons

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

A substance made of different atoms

Answer 2

Compound

Question 3

A substance made entirely of the same atoms

Answer 3

Element

Question 4

A combination of two or more atoms to make up a cell

Answer 4

Molecule

Question 5

An atom w/ a positive/negative charge due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons

Answer 5

Ion

Question 6

An electrically charged atom w/ an unpaired electron

Answer 6

Free radical

Question 7

A reaction when bonds are formed or broken to either store or release energy

Answer 7

Chemical reaction

Question 8

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body

Answer 8

Metabolism

Question 9

The building phase of metabolism consuming energy

Answer 9

Anabolism

Question 10

The breaking down phase of metabolism producing energy

Answer 10

Catabolism

Question 11

Provides a form of ‘energy currency’, through anabolism and catabolism reactions

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

Aka. Energy released to get energy to perform various functions

Answer 12

Breaking ATP

Question 13

Aka. Energy used. Reforming ATP using energy from carbohydrates creating ADP

Answer 13

Reforming ATP

Question 14

Substances that are used to make energy (reform ATP)

Answer 14

Energy substrates

Question 15

Process of reactions that transfer energy from food to ATP

Answer 15

Cellular respiration

Question 16

Cellular respiration happens without oxygen present

Answer 16

Anaerobic

Question 17

Cellular respiration happens with oxygen present

Answer 17

Aerobic

Question 18

Metabolism in which glucose breakdown is used to reform ADP+PI into ATP

Answer 18

Carbohydrate (Glucose) Metabolism

Question 19

Process of making ATP from glucose in the cell cytoplasm is called?

Answer 19

Glycolysis

Question 20

Pyruvic acid enters mitochondria, yields 26-28 more ATP

Answer 20

Glucose metabolism with oxygen

Question 21

Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid/lactate then diffuses out of cell into the blood

Answer 21

Glucose metabolism without oxygen

Question 22

A process to generate ATP only in the presence of oxygen, depending on the size of fat

Answer 22

Fat metabolism

Question 23

The breakdown of stored fat into glycerol and fatty acids which is used to make ATP

Answer 23

Lipolysis

Question 24

Aka. Liver cells. Creates ketone bodies used by other cells to make ATP

Answer 24

Hepatocytes

Question 25

Process of a substance broken down into amino acids and are assembled into proteins, used to generate ATP

Answer 25

Protein metabolism

Question 26

A substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions

Answer 26

Acid

Question 27

A substance that dissociates into one or more hydroxide ion

Answer 27

Base

Question 28

A substance that dissociates into +/- ions

Answer 28

Salt

Question 29

Determines the level of a given solution will be acidic or alkaline

Answer 29

pH scale

Question 30

Substances need for body structure and function

Answer 30

Nutrients

Question 31

Compounds including water, many salts, acids and bases are considered? Contains no carbon

Answer 31

Inorganic compounds

Question 32

Accounts for 65% of body's weight. Substance assisting many chemical reactions

Answer 32

Water

Question 33

A substance that dissolves a solute

Answer 33

Solvent

Question 34

A substance dissolved by the solvent

Answer 34

Solute

Question 35

A chemical mixture of a solvent and solute

Answer 35

Solution

Question 36

Compounds including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP are considered? Contains carbon

Answer 36

Organic compounds

Question 37

An organic compound primarily used as a energy substrate

Answer 37

Carbohydrates

Question 38

A major carb source in our diets

Answer 38

Starches

Question 39

The storage form of glucose

Answer 39

Glycogen

Question 40

Aka. Fats and other fat-like substances used as energy substrates

Answer 40

Lipids

Question 41

A storage form of excess calories

Answer 41

Triglycerides

Question 42

An organic compound made up of amino acids

Answer 42

Protein

Question 43

Term for: regulates biochemical reactions

Answer 43

Catalytic

Question 44

Consists of genetic material and contains most cell activities

Answer 44

DNA

Question 45

A nucleic acid that relays genetic instructions to guide protein synthesis

Answer 45

RNA