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Physiology > BASIC CONCEPTS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

BASIC CONCEPTS OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic building blocks of matter containing a nucleus and surround electrons

A

Atom

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2
Q

A substance made of different atoms

A

Compound

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3
Q

A substance made entirely of the same atoms

A

Element

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4
Q

A combination of two or more atoms to make up a cell

A

Molecule

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5
Q

An atom w/ a positive/negative charge due to unequal numbers of protons and electrons

A

Ion

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6
Q

An electrically charged atom w/ an unpaired electron

A

Free radical

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7
Q

A reaction when bonds are formed or broken to either store or release energy

A

Chemical reaction

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8
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

The building phase of metabolism consuming energy

A

Anabolism

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10
Q

The breaking down phase of metabolism producing energy

A

Catabolism

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11
Q

Provides a form of ‘energy currency’, through anabolism and catabolism reactions

A

ATP

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12
Q

Aka. Energy released to get energy to perform various functions

A

Breaking ATP

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13
Q

Aka. Energy used. Reforming ATP using energy from carbohydrates creating ADP

A

Reforming ATP

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14
Q

Substances that are used to make energy (reform ATP)

A

Energy substrates

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15
Q

Process of reactions that transfer energy from food to ATP

A

Cellular respiration

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16
Q

Cellular respiration happens without oxygen present

A

Anaerobic

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17
Q

Cellular respiration happens with oxygen present

A

Aerobic

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18
Q

Metabolism in which glucose breakdown is used to reform ADP+PI into ATP

A

Carbohydrate (Glucose) Metabolism

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19
Q

Process of making ATP from glucose in the cell cytoplasm is called?

A

Glycolysis

20
Q

Pyruvic acid enters mitochondria, yields 26-28 more ATP

A

Glucose metabolism with oxygen

21
Q

Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid/lactate then diffuses out of cell into the blood

A

Glucose metabolism without oxygen

22
Q

A process to generate ATP only in the presence of oxygen, depending on the size of fat

A

Fat metabolism

23
Q

The breakdown of stored fat into glycerol and fatty acids which is used to make ATP

A

Lipolysis

24
Q

Aka. Liver cells. Creates ketone bodies used by other cells to make ATP

A

Hepatocytes

25
Q

Process of a substance broken down into amino acids and are assembled into proteins, used to generate ATP

A

Protein metabolism

26
Q

A substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions

A

Acid

27
Q

A substance that dissociates into one or more hydroxide ion

A

Base

28
Q

A substance that dissociates into +/- ions

A

Salt

29
Q

Determines the level of a given solution will be acidic or alkaline

A

pH scale

30
Q

Substances need for body structure and function

A

Nutrients

31
Q

Compounds including water, many salts, acids and bases are considered? Contains no carbon

A

Inorganic compounds

32
Q

Accounts for 65% of body’s weight. Substance assisting many chemical reactions

A

Water

33
Q

A substance that dissolves a solute

A

Solvent

34
Q

A substance dissolved by the solvent

A

Solute

35
Q

A chemical mixture of a solvent and solute

A

Solution

36
Q

Compounds including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, and ATP are considered? Contains carbon

A

Organic compounds

37
Q

An organic compound primarily used as a energy substrate

A

Carbohydrates

38
Q

A major carb source in our diets

A

Starches

39
Q

The storage form of glucose

A

Glycogen

40
Q

Aka. Fats and other fat-like substances used as energy substrates

A

Lipids

41
Q

A storage form of excess calories

A

Triglycerides

42
Q

An organic compound made up of amino acids

A

Protein

43
Q

Term for: regulates biochemical reactions

A

Catalytic

44
Q

Consists of genetic material and contains most cell activities

A

DNA

45
Q

A nucleic acid that relays genetic instructions to guide protein synthesis

A

RNA

Physiology (8 decks)

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