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Biology > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the biomolecules of the cell

A

Lipids, Porteins, Carbohydrates and phospholipids

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1
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

physically separate the inside and outside of the cell

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2
Q

What is a integral membrane protein

A

cross the plasma membrane

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3
Q

What do the membrane proteins do

A

determine the membrane function

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4
Q

What is a peripheral membrane protein

A

do not cross the plasma membrane

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5
Q

What is the function of membrane carbohydrates

A

For cell-to-cell recognition

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5
Q

what are glycolipids

A

carbs covalently bonded to lipids

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6
Q

what are glycoproteins

A

proteins covalently bonded to proteins

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7
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model

A

the idea that a membrane is fluid and contains many different components

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8
Q

What is passive transport

A

diffusion, high-to-low concentration, no energy required

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9
Q

What is active transport

A

low-to-high concentration, requires energy

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10
Q

What travels through diffusion

A

Lipids, O2 and CO2

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11
Q

How do polar or large molecules pass through

A

Carrier and Channel Proteins

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11
Q

Primary Active Transport

A

Requires ATP, sodium and potassium

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12
Q

Secondary Active Transport

A

Energy from electrochemical gradient, glucose, sodium, amino acids, nucleotides and salts

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13
Q

Exocytosis

A

sending out molecules

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13
Q

Endocytosis

A

taking in molecules

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14
Q

what is the function of cell walls

A

provides structural support and protection, puts pressure on the cell

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14
Q

Pinocytosis

A

drinkning multiple molecules

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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

15
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, cell wall

16
Q

Phagocytosis

A

eating necessary molecules

17
Q

What is the nucleus

A

largest organelle holds genetic information

18
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

the cells control center

19
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

all materials inside the cell and outside the nucleus

19
Q

What is the endomembrane system

A

Nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
Vesicles

20
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

21
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Complexes of rRNA and proteins

22
Q

What is the difference between free and bound ribosomes

A

Free - floating in the cytosol, for proteins that stay in the cell
Bound - attached to ER, for proteins that leave the cell

23
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus

A

Vesicles are packaged here and renews plasma membrane

24
Q

What is the rough ER

A

covered with ribosomes, synthesis of proteins

24
Q

What are lysosomes

A

enzyme containing vesicles, destroy bacteria and breakdown molecules

25
Q

What is the smooth ER

A

no ribosomes, synthesis of lipids

26
Q

what are peroxisomes

A

protect the cell, breakdown alcohol and fatty acids

27
Q

What are vacuoles

A

large vesicles that store food and water

28
Q

what is the mitochondria

A

contains ribosomes and mtDNA and takes chemical energy from food

29
Q

what are chloroplasts

A

Capture the energy from sunlight to synthesize sugars

30
Q

what is the endosymbiont theory

A

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts where originally prokaryotic cells that were consumed

31
Q

what makes up the cytoskeleton

A

microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

32
Q

What is the function of microtubules

A

large and hollow tubes and radiate from centrosome, they support the cell and serve as highways

33
Q

what is the function of microfilaments

A

thin filaments composed of actin they provide mechanical strength

34
Q

what are intermediate filaments

A

strengthen the cell and stabilize position

35
Q

what are microvilli

A

Extensions of plasma membranes to increase surface area

36
Q

What is Myosin

A

motor proteins on microfilaments that carry vacoules

37
Q

What are tight junctions

A

they act as glue and prevent linkages

38
Q

What are desmosomes

A

function as rivets, they attach muscles

39
Q

What are gap junctions

A

integral protein that attaches two cells

40
Q

What is the extracellular matrix made of

A

Most are formed of collagens and elastin

41
Q

How do animals store carbs

A

Glycogen

Biology (9 decks)

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