Genetics

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic make-up of an organism, shown in the genes

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

Observable physical traits of an organism

Question 3

Character

Answer 3

Observable heritable feature

Question 4

Trait

Answer 4

Specific variant of a character

Question 5

Gene Locus

Answer 5

Specific site of a specific chromosome

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

two copies of the same allele

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

two different alleles

Question 8

Dominant trait

Answer 8

the trait will always mask other traits

Question 9

Recessive trait

Answer 9

the trait will be masked by the dominant trait

Question 10

Who is a carrier

Answer 10

carries the allele but doesn’t show it

Question 11

What is a cross

Answer 11

pairing specific parents with specific traits to produce offspring

Question 12

What is heredity

Answer 12

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 13

What is a true-breeding line

Answer 13

crossing of different homozygous traits

Question 14

Monohybrid Crosses

Answer 14

The crossing of individuals that heterozygous for one character, Xx

Question 15

Dihybrid Crosses

Answer 15

A cross that focus on two characteristics, XxYy

Question 16

What is independent assortment

Answer 16

Genes associate separately

Question 17

What is dependent assortment

Answer 17

Genes associate together

Question 18

What is the Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 18

Two pairs of alleles on non-homologous chromosomes (YR x yr = YyRr)
9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Question 19

Sex Ratios

Answer 19

Chromosomal sex depends on whether you inherit an X or a Y from your dad

Question 20

How do you calculate the possible combinations

Answer 20

2^number of heterozygous genes

Question 21

Pedigree

Answer 21

diagrams of family history summarizing ancestral relationships

Question 22

Autosomal

Answer 22

Chromosomes 1-22, dominant or recessive

Question 23

X-Inactivation

Answer 23

females deactivate one of their 2 chromosomes, switches throughout growth

Question 24

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 24

2 genes are both expressed

Question 25

Co-dominance

Answer 25

both are fully expressed

Question 26

Epistasis

Answer 26

A trait is determined by multiple genes

Question 27

Pleiotropy

Answer 27

1 gene is associated with multiple phenotypic traits

Question 28

Multifactorial Inheritance

Answer 28

1 trait is influenced by multiple factors

Question 29

Neomorphy

Answer 29

Mutation has caused altered function

Question 30

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 30

1 trait has influenced by multiple genes

Question 31

Variable Expression

Answer 31

Environmental factors and biological variation change how gene was expressed

Question 32

What is Penetrance

Answer 32

is the genotype visible

Question 33

What is Expressivity

Answer 33

the degree to which the genotype is visible

Question 34

Polyploidy

Answer 34

Presence of multiple sets of chrommosomes

Question 35

Aneuploidy

Answer 35

abnormalities caused by the addition or loss of a chromosome

Question 36

XXY

Answer 36

male typical, underdeveloped, hair loss

Question 37

X

Answer 37

female typical, underdeveloped ovaries

Question 38

XYY

Answer 38

male typical, taller

Question 39

XXX

Answer 39

female typical, taller

Question 40

Y

Answer 40

unviable

Question 41

Trisomy

Answer 41

extra chromosome (3)

Question 42

Monosomy

Answer 42

loss of a chromosome (1)

Question 43

Dosage Compensation

Answer 43

is due to the inactivation of the second chromosome